Q.Define stamen and carpel (pistil) through labelled diagrams.

The gynoecium (pistil) is the female reproductive part of a flower — option (a).

A flower has two essential whorls. The androecium (stamens: anther + filament) is the male reproductive part that produces pollen. The gynoecium (also called the pistil) is the female reproductive part; each unit (carpel) has a stigma (receives pollen), a style and an ovary (contains ovules that develop into seeds after fertilisation).

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'Pistillate' means a unisexual female flower.

A flower that possesses only the female reproductive organ, the pistil (gynoecium/carpel), and lacks functional stamens is called a pistillate (female) flower. A flower with only stamens is staminate (male), while one with both stamens and …

Fused carpels = syncarpous, so the answer is (B).

The gynoecium is made of one or more carpels (pistils). When more than one carpel is present, they may be either free from one another (apocarpous, e.g. lotus, Michelia) or united/fused into a single structure (syncarpous, e.g. mustard, tomato).

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The ovary of the pistil matures into the fruit after fertilisation, and the ovules within it become the seeds.

Concept. In angiosperms, once double fertilisation is complete, the events of post-fertilisation set specific fates for the floral organs:

• Zygote → embryo
• Primary endosperm cell → endosperm
• Ovule → seed
• Ovary → fruit …

In a flower with more than one pistil (multicarpellary gynoecium), the carpels may remain separate (apocarpous) or be fused together (syncarpous).

When the gynoecium of a flower has more than one carpel (pistil), the carpels can be arranged in two ways:

• Apocarpous gynoecium: the carpels are free, each having its own ovary, style, and stigma, e.g., lotus (Nelumbo), rose (Rosa), Michelia. …

The gynoecium comprises stigma, style and ovary.

The gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower, made up of one or more carpels (pistils). Each carpel has three parts: the stigma (receptive tip that receives pollen), the style (elongated stalk) and the ovary …