CBSE Class 12 Geography 2023 — Set 64/3/1

Which one of the following is the cause of acid rain ? (A) Land pollution (B) Water pollution (C) Air pollution (D) Noise pollution

Which one of the following rivers is highly polluted ? (A) Kosi (B) Ravi (C) Narmada (D) Yamuna

Which one of the following is a major polluting industry ? (A) Food processing industry (B) Cottage industry (C) Chemical industry (D) Foot loose industry

Which of the following features is not true regarding NHAI ? (A) It is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Surface Transport. (B) It is responsible for constructing and maintaining National Highways. (C) It also constructs village link roads. (D) NHAI was operationalized in 1995.

Which among the following is the westernmost station of East-West corridor ? (A) Kolkata (B) Guwahati (C) Porbandar (D) Mumbai

Which of the following seaports is located on Mahanadi delta ? (A) Haldia (B) Ennore (C) Paradwip (D) Vishakhapatnam

Why has Kolkata port minimised its significance ? (A) It has a vast hinterland (B) Accumulation of silt in Hugli river (C) Diversion of exports to other ports (D) Passenger traffic is very low

India’s foreign trade is largely carried out by which of the following routes ? (A) Land and air routes (B) Land and sea routes (C) Air and sea routes (D) Only sea routes

Read the case study given below and answer the questions from 15 to 17. Case Study : Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958. The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan. The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19·63 lakh hectares. Out of the total command area, about 70 percent was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out through two stages. The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and northern part of Bikaner districts. It has a gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 5·53 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts covering culturable command area of 14·10 lakh ha. It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lift canals of Indira Gandhi system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels. Irrigation in Stage-I command area of the canal was introduced in early 1960s, whereas the command area of Stage-II began receiving irrigation in mid-1980s. The introduction of canal irrigation in this dry land has transformed its ecology, economy and society. It has influenced the environmental conditions of the region both positively as well as negatively. The availability of soil moisture for a longer period of time and various afforestation and pasture development programmes under CAD have resulted in greening the land. This has also helped in reducing wind erosion and siltation of canal systems. But the intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of waterlogging and soil salinity. What was the main objective to construct of Indira Gandhi Canal ? (A) Proving water for irrigation in the command area (B) Providing water for drinking purpose (C) Providing water for afforestation (D) Providing water for industries

(Refer to the Case Study on the Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area given with Q. No. 15.) What is the major benefit of this Canal in the command area ? (A) Transformation of ecology and economy (B) Environmental conditions slightly changed (C) People had not settled permanently (D) Crop production is still at lower level

(Refer to the Case Study on the Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area given with Q. No. 15.) What is the negative impact of this Canal ? (A) Soils become fertile (B) Water logging and salinity (C) Multiple cropping system (D) Command area becomes green

Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow : (A picture/map of a shipping-canal region is printed in the question paper, showing labelled features including the Delta of the Nile, Damietta, Lake Manzala, El Mansura, Ismailiya, El Kantera, Great Bitter Lake, Little Bitter Lake, Cairo, Ain Musa, Tina Bay and a route marked ‘To Asia’.) (18.1) Identify the shipping canal in the given picture and write its name. (18.2) Name the terminal ports of this waterway. (18.3) Explain the main characteristic of this waterway. [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.18: Explain any three characteristics of the ‘Northern Atlantic Sea Route’.]

Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow : Case Study : A Role Model to Restore the Ecology and Safeguard Human Health in Daurala Based on the universal law “Polluter pays”, effort to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health with people’s participation has taken place in Daurala near Meerut. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when a Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The meeting of the Daurala industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results. The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of people have brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table. The NGOs conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The organisation, the village community and people’s representatives sat together to find out sustainable solutions to the health problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology. The overhead water tank’s capacity in the village was enhanced and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community. The silted pond of the village was cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to large quantity of water so that it recharged the aquifers, Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoon. 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment. (19.1) What is meant by water pollution ? (19.2) Explain the role of industrialists in checking the deteriorating ecology. (19.3) Analyse the contribution of the NGO in Daurala’s problem.

“The strong forces of nature used to control the human activities in the primitive societies.” Examine the statement.

(a) “The cities are connected, directly or indirectly, with villages and also with each other.” Examine the statement. OR (b) Examine any three causes for the development of compact rural settlements in India.

(a) Explain any three causes for the low level of human development in some countries of the world. OR (b) Explain any three causes for the high level of human development in some countries of the world.

Explain any three factors responsible for the depletion of water resources in India.

“Economic and cultural factors influence the distribution of world population.” Examine the statement.

(a) Explain any five features of ‘plantation agriculture’ in the world. OR (b) Explain any five features of ‘market gardening and horticulture’ in the world.

(a) Describe the development of railways in Europe and Russia. OR (b) Describe the benefits of water transport over railways.

Explain the various factors affecting density of population in India.

“Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old crystalline rocks.” Examine the statement.

On the given political outline map of the World, seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them : A. A major airport in Australia B. Largest country in terms of area in Europe C. A major seaport in South America D. A terminal station of Trans-Canadian Railway E. A major area of subsistence gathering F. Largest country in terms of area in Africa G. Terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.29 (answer any five): (29.1) Name any international airport of Australia. (29.2) Name the important waterway that links the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. (29.3) Name the major seaport of Chile. (29.4) Name the terminal station of Trans-Canadian railway on the western end. (29.5) Mention the major area of subsistence gathering in Africa. (29.6) Name the largest country in Africa in terms of area. (29.7) Name the easternmost terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway.]

On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols : (30.1) A state with highest level of urbanization (30.2) A city with more than 10 million population in Maharashtra (30.3) A state leading in the production of tea (30.4) Mayurbhanj – iron-ore mines (30.5) Balaghat – manganese mines (30.6) Kochi – seaport (30.7) Ahmedabad – Airport [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.30 (answer any five): (30.1) Mention the state having highest level of urbanization. (30.2) Name the city of West Bengal having more than 10 million population. (30.3) Which state leads in the production of tea? (30.4) In which state are Mayurbhanj iron-ore mines located? (30.5) Name the state where Shimoga manganese mines are located. (30.6) Along which coast is Kochi seaport located? (30.7) Name one international airport located in Gujarat.]