CBSE Class 12 Geography 2024 — Previous-Year Question Paper

What is the other name of Rainfed type of farming ? (A) Productive farming (B) Protective farming (C) Barani (D) Zaid

Which one of the following is not the objective of Namami Gange Programme ? (A) Developing sewerage treatment systems in towns (B) Monitoring of industrial effluents (C) Afforestation along the banks of the river (D) To divert the flow of the river from the cities

Choose the correct option regarding the stretch of National Waterways No. 1 : (A) Allahabad/Prayagraj – Haldia (B) Sadiya – Dhubri (C) Kottapuram – Kollam (D) Kakinada – Puducherry

Study the following statements carefully and choose the correct option : Statement I : In India, after independence, some old towns around metropolitan cities developed as satellite towns. Statement II : Delhi is a good example of such metropolitan cities. Options : (A) Only statement I is correct. (B) Only statement II is correct. (C) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct example of statement I. (D) Both statements I and II are correct, but statement II is not the correct example of statement I.

Which one of the following is a reason for the emergence of clustered settlements in Rajasthan ? Choose the most appropriate option. (A) For the maximum utilization of land resources. (B) For external security and defence. (C) For maximum utilization of available water resources. (D) For internal security and defence.

Which one of the following is the biggest government undertaking in the country ? (A) Indian Railways (B) National Highways Authority of India (C) Border Roads Organization (D) All India Radio

Choose the correct option regarding mining towns of India : (A) Kandla, Kochchi and Kozhikode (B) Ankaleshwar, Singrauli and Digboi (C) Mumbai, Salem and Modinagar (D) Varanasi, Roorki and Aligarh

Read the given statement carefully and answer the question that follows : Which among the following group of industries are the major source of water pollution ? Choose the most appropriate option. (A) Leather, pulp and paper (B) Iron, copper and sugar (C) Sugar, petrochemical and fertilizer (D) Cotton textile, chemical and power plant

Which of the following organisations sets the rules for the global trading among its member nations ? Choose the most appropriate option. (A) United Nations (B) World Trade Organisation (C) North American Free Trade Association (D) South Asian Free Trade Agreement

Read the case study given below and answer Q. No. 15 to 17. Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition. Which among the following stage/stages has/have high growth of population ? (A) Only the first stage (B) Only the second stage (C) Both first and second stages (D) Both second and last stages

Read the case study given below and answer Q. No. 15 to 17. Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition. Choose the most appropriate option from the following regarding components of population change : (A) Births, deaths and migration (B) Births, density and migration (C) Density, literacy and age structure (D) Deaths, literacy and sex ratio

Read the case study given below and answer Q. No. 15 to 17. Stages of Demographic Transition Theory The first stage of demographic transition theory has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture, where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago, all the countries of the world were in this stage. Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap, the net addition to population is high. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility. In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition. Which of the following stage/stages has/have a slow growth of population ? (A) Only the first stage (B) Only the second stage (C) Only second and last stages (D) Only first and last stages

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow : Services Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry, some to people, and some to both industry and people, e.g., the transport systems. Services, such as grocery shops and laundries are more common and widespread than high-order services or more specialized ones like those of accountants, consultants and physicians. Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for them. For example, the gardener, the launderers and the barber do primarily physical labour. Teachers, lawyers, physicians, musicians and others perform mental labour. Many services have now been regulated. Making and maintaining highways and bridges, maintaining fire fighting departments and supplying or supervising education and customer care are among the important services most often supervised or performed by governments or companies. State and Union legislation have established corporations to supervise and control the marketing of such services as transport, telecommunication, energy and water supply. Professional services are primarily health care, engineering, law and management. The location of recreational and entertainment services depends on the market. (18.1) Mention any one example of common and widespread services. (18.2) Who supervises and controls the marketing of services ? (18.3) “Services occur at many different levels.” Support the statement.

Study the given diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow : [Bar diagram — “Changes in Shares of Land-use Categories in India : 1950 – 51 and 2014 – 15”, plotting per cent of reporting area for each land-use category for the two years.] (19.1) In 2014 – 15, which category of land use has undergone the highest net increase in comparison to 1950 – 51 ? (19.2) In 2014 – 15, which category of land use has undergone the highest net decline in comparison to 1950 – 51 ? (19.3) Mention any two reasons for the decline in land under culturable wasteland. [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.19: “Land use in a region, to a large extent, is influenced by the nature of economic activities carried out in that region.” Support the statement in three points.]

(a) Explain the criticisms faced by the World Trade Organization. OR (b) What is ‘Balance of Trade’ ? Explain the characteristics of ‘Balance of Trade’.

Explain any three characteristics of ‘Phase II’ of growth of population in India.

(a) Explain with example the concept of environmental determinism. OR (b) “The dichotomy between physical and human is not a very valid one.” Explain the statement with example.

Explain any three problems of slums in India.

How is the ‘Human Development Index’ measured ? Explain key areas of human development.

(a) Name the canal connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Explain its main features. OR (b) Explain the main features of the Rhine Waterways.

(a) Analyze the main features of Plantation Agriculture in the world. OR (b) Analyse the main features of extensive commercial grain cultivation in the world.

Explain the Indian sea ports as gateways of international trade.

(a) Analyze the relationship between the conservation of mineral resources and sustainable development in India. OR (b) Analyze the advantages of non-conventional energy sources by giving the example of solar energy in India.

On the given political outline map of the World (on page 21), seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them : A. An area of extensive commercial grain farming B. A shipping canal C. A major sea port in Australia D. A major airport in Japan E. A major sea port of South America F. An area of subsistence gathering G. A major inland waterway [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.29 — Answer any five out of the following: (29.1) Name a major area of extensive commercial grain farming in Africa. (29.2) Name the canal linking Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. (29.3) Name the major sea port located in western part of Australia. (29.4) Name the major airport of Japan. (29.5) Name the major sea port of Brazil. (29.6) Name the main area of subsistence gathering in Africa. (29.7) Which is the major inland waterway in North America ?]

On the given political outline map of India (on page 23), locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols : (30.1) Tuticorin : Major sea port (30.2) Khetri : Copper mines (30.3) An international airport in Punjab (30.4) Leading rice producing state (30.5) State with the highest density of population (30.6) Oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh (30.7) Jharia : Coal mines [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.30 — Answer any five out of the following: (30.1) Name the state where Tuticorin sea port is located. (30.2) Name the state where Khetri copper mines are located. (30.3) Name the place where an international airport is located in Punjab. (30.4) Name the leading rice producing state. (30.5) Name the state with highest density of population. (30.6) Name the place where oil refinery is located in Uttar Pradesh. (30.7) Name the state where Jharia coal mines are located.]