CBSE Class 12 Geography 2025 — Set 64/2/1

Choose the correct option to fill the blank. The act of opening up economies for trading is known as _____. (A) Balanced trade (B) Unilateral trade (C) Free trade (D) Bilateral trade

Arrange the following towns of India from the oldest to the newest order based on their historical evolution and choose the correct option : (i) Jaipur (ii) Chandigarh (iii) Madurai (iv) Jamshedpur Options : (A) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv) (B) (iii), (i), (iv), (ii) (C) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii) (D) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)

Read the following statements related to the objectives of smart city mission carefully and choose the correct option : (i) To promote the city with clean and sustainable environment. (ii) To provide decent quality of life to its citizens. (iii) To provide employment to the job seekers. (iv) To make the city less vulnerable to disasters. Options : (A) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct. (B) Only (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct. (C) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.

Local names like Panna, Para, Palli, Nagla, Dhani etc. are examples of which of the following types of rural settlements in India ? (A) Clustered settlement (B) Semi-clustered settlement (C) Hamleted settlement (D) Dispersed settlement

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option : Assertion (A) : ‘The agriculturally rich states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh are facing the crisis of groundwater depletion.’ Reason (R) : ‘More groundwater is utilised for irrigation than water-table recharge.’ Options : (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct reason of (A). (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct reason of (A). (C) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct. (D) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.

Read the following statements related to Indira Gandhi Canal Project carefully and choose the correct option : (i) Indira Gandhi Canal project was conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1950 and it was launched in 1961. (ii) Introduction of canal irrigation has brought perceptible changes in the agricultural economy of the command area. (iii) Spread of canal irrigation has led to increase in cultivated area and crop intensity. (iv) Traditional crops of jowar, bajra has been replaced by rice and wheat etc. Options : (A) (i), (ii) and (iv) only are correct. (B) (i), (ii) and (iii) only are correct. (C) (i), (iii) and (iv) only are correct. (D) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only are correct.

Read the following statements related to international trade of India carefully and choose the correct option : (i) India has a long coastline surrounded by ocean from three sides. (ii) Indian coasts have large number of well-developed sea ports. (iii) Kandla port exports huge amount of iron-ore. (iv) The transportation cost by water is very cheap for voluminous items. Options : (A) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct. (B) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (C) Only (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

Why is it that slums are the areas of residence with least choice ? Choose the correct options : (i) They have dilapidated houses with poor ventilation. (ii) The basic facilities like lights and toilets are difficult to get. (iii) Hygienic conditions and drinking water are improper. (iv) Better drainage facilities are available. Options : (A) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct. (B) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct. (C) Only (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct. (D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct.

The watershed management programme in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh is funded by which one of the following ministries ? (A) Rural Development (B) Environment (C) Transport (D) Irrigation

Study the following table carefully and answer the Question No. 15 to 17 : Composition of India's export : 2009-2017 (Percentage share in exports) | Commodities | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Agriculture and allied products | 10.0 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 12.3 | | Ore and minerals | 4.9 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | | Manufactured goods | 67.4 | 68.0 | 72.9 | 73.6 | | Crude and petroleum products | 16.2 | 16.8 | 11.9 | 11.7 | | Other commodities | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | Under which one of the following category of commodities, increase in export is continuously observed ? (A) Agriculture and allied products (B) Ore and minerals (C) Manufactured goods (D) Other commodities

Study the following table carefully and answer the Question No. 15 to 17 : Composition of India's export : 2009-2017 (Percentage share in exports) | Commodities | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Agriculture and allied products | 10.0 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 12.3 | | Ore and minerals | 4.9 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | | Manufactured goods | 67.4 | 68.0 | 72.9 | 73.6 | | Crude and petroleum products | 16.2 | 16.8 | 11.9 | 11.7 | | Other commodities | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | (Refer to the table “Composition of India's export : 2009-2017” given with Question 15.) Under which one of the following category of commodities, maximum decline in export is recorded from 2015-16 to 2016-17 ? (A) Agriculture and allied products (B) Ore and minerals (C) Crude and petroleum products (D) Other commodities

Study the following table carefully and answer the Question No. 15 to 17 : Composition of India's export : 2009-2017 (Percentage share in exports) | Commodities | 2009-10 | 2010-11 | 2015-16 | 2016-17 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Agriculture and allied products | 10.0 | 9.9 | 12.6 | 12.3 | | Ore and minerals | 4.9 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | | Manufactured goods | 67.4 | 68.0 | 72.9 | 73.6 | | Crude and petroleum products | 16.2 | 16.8 | 11.9 | 11.7 | | Other commodities | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | (Refer to the table “Composition of India's export : 2009-2017” given with Question 15.) Under which one of the following categories of commodities, the increase in export is observed from 2010-11 to 2016-17 ? (A) Agriculture and allied products (B) Ore and minerals (C) Crude and petroleum products (D) Other commodities

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow : Hunting and Food Gathering The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance. They subsisted on : (a) animals which they hunted; and (b) the edible plants which they gathered from forests in the vicinity. Primitive societies depended on wild animals. People located in very cold and extremely hot climates survived on hunting. The people in the coastal areas still catch fish though fishing has experienced modernisation due to technological development. Many species, now have become extinct or endangered due to illegal hunting (poaching). The early hunters used primitive tools made of stones, twigs or arrows so the number of animals killed was limited. Gathering and hunting are the oldest economic activity known. These are carried out at different levels with different orientations. Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter and clothing. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. (18.1) Examine the impact of poaching on wild animals. (18.2) Why was hunting of animals limited in early times ? Explain. (18.3) Why did early man depend upon his immediate natural environment ? Explain.

Study the following table carefully and answer the questions that follow : Composition of Total Cultivable Land | Agricultural Land use Categories | As a percentage of Reporting Area (1950-51 / 2014-15) | | As a percentage of total cultivable land (1950-51 / 2014-15) | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Culturable waste land | 8.0 | 4.0 | 13.4 | 6.8 | | Fallow other than current fallow | 6.1 | 3.6 | 10.2 | 6.2 | | Current fallow | 3.7 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 8.4 | | Net area sown | 41.7 | 45.5 | 70.0 | 78.4 | | Total Cultivable Land | 59.5 | 58.0 | 100.00 | 100.00 | (19.1) Mention the reason for the decrease in cultivable waste land in 2014-15 as compared to 1950-51. (19.2) Mention the reason for the increase in current fallow during 2014-15 as compared to 1950-51. (19.3) Explain the reason of continuous increase in net area sown.

(a) Examine the role of climate, water availability and soil fertility on the distribution of world population. OR (b) Examine three stages of demographic transition theory.

Study the map of Rhine waterways and answer the questions that follow : (21.1) Name the country in which most of Rhine river lies. (21.2) Name two countries whose industrial areas are connected by river Rhine. (21.3) Why is river Rhine world's most heavily used waterway ? [Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Question No. 21 : (21.1) Mention the name of the country from where the Rhine waterway begins in the upstream. (21.2) Name the major sea port where river Rhine falls into North Sea. (21.3) Explain the significance of river Rhine as a water highway of commerce.]

Explain the main characteristics of rural roads in India.

Suggest the measures to achieve the objectives of ‘Namami Gange Programme’.

Explain the concept of ‘human development’. Examine four approaches to human development.

(a) Explain the main features of large scale manufacturing industries in the world. OR (b) Explain the main features of ‘High Tech’ industries in the world.

(a) Assess the growth and significance of service sector in the development of the world economy. OR (b) Assess the growth and significance of transport and communication services in the world economy.

(a) Analyse the rural-urban characteristics of Indian population. OR (b) Analyse the main features of the composition of working population in India.

(a) “Petroleum is an essential source of energy and many byproducts are associated with its refining.” Explain this statement with examples. OR (b) “The generation of energy through non-conventional sources is the need of the hour for sustainable development.” Explain the statement with examples.

On the outline political map of the world, seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any FIVE of them and write their names on the lines drawn near them : A. Major sea port in Germany. B. Terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway. C. An international airport. D. An area of subsistence gathering. E. An important waterway. F. An area of ‘Nomadic Herding’. G. An area of extensive commercial grain farming. [Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Question No. 29. Answer any five : (29.1) Name the major seaport in Germany. (29.2) Name the easternmost terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway. (29.3) Mention an international airport in South Africa. (29.4) Mention an area of subsistence gathering in Canada. (29.5) Name an important waterway of Egypt. (29.6) Mention an area of nomadic herding in Africa. (29.7) Mention an area of extensive commercial grain farming of Australia.]

On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of the following geographical features with appropriate symbols. 30.1 Important iron ore mines in Odisha. 30.2 An important seaport in Kerala. 30.3 A copper mine in Rajasthan. 30.4 An oil refinery in Bihar. 30.5 An international airport in Punjab. 30.6 A state with highest density of population. 30.7 A state leading in the production of jute. [Note : The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Question No. 30. Attempt any five : (30.1) Name an important iron ore mining area in Odisha. (30.2) Name the main sea port of Kerala. (30.3) Mention the name of a copper mining area of Rajasthan. (30.4) Name the place of an oil refinery in Bihar. (30.5) Mention the name of a place where an international airport is located in Punjab. (30.6) Name the state with highest density of population. (30.7) Which is the leading state in the production of jute ?]