CBSE Class 12 Geography 2026 — Set 64/2/1

Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option : Assertion (A) : The concept of ‘sustainable development’ emerged in 1990’s. Reason (R) : General awareness about environmental issues originated during 1960’s in the western world. Options : (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). (B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect. (D) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Arrange the following coal mining areas of India from south to north direction of their location and choose the correct option : I. Singareni II. Neyveli III. Jharia IV. Talchar Options : (A) II, I, III, IV (B) II, I, IV, III (C) I, II, IV, III (D) I, II, III, IV

If you were asked to prepare a ‘hill area development programme’, which of the following must be kept in mind ? Choose the correct option : I. Establishing heavy industry II. Ecosystem III. National Highway construction IV. Topography Options : (A) I and III (B) I and IV (C) II and III (D) II and IV

Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option : Column-I (Mineral) Column-II (Major Mines) a. Iron-ore i. Katni b. Manganese ii. Bhilwara c. Bauxite iii. Chandrapur d. Copper iv. Sundargarh Options : (A) a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii (B) a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i (C) a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii (D) a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

Read the information given in the box carefully and identify the mineral : • It is a non-ferrous ore. • Odisha is the largest producer state. • It is used in manufacturing of aluminium. Options : (A) Copper (B) Mica (C) Bauxite (D) Manganese

Which one of the following contributes maximum in India’s export ? (A) Agriculture and allied products (B) Ores and minerals (C) Manufactured goods (D) Mineral fuels and lubricants

Which one of the following organisations regulate the air traffic of major airports of India ? (A) Airport Authority of India (B) Indian Airport Commission (C) Indian Air Control Board (D) Airport Development Authority

Which one of the following ports is situated at ‘Zuari Estuary’ ? (A) New Mangalore (B) Kochchi (C) Marmagao (D) Ennore

Which one of the following inland waterway and its stretch is correctly matched ? (A) National Waterways No. 1 – Allahabad – Haldia (B) National Waterways No. 3 – Sadiya – Dhubri (C) National Waterways No. 2 – Kottapuram – Kollam (D) National Waterways No. 5 – Kakinada – Puducherry

Study the following table carefully and answer : Human Development Index 2022 | S.N. | Country | HDI Value | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Belarus | 0.801 | | 2 | Botswana | 0.708 | | 3 | Congo | 0.593 | | 4 | Mexico | 0.781 | | 5 | Nigeria | 0.548 | | 6 | Sudan | 0.516 | | 7 | Tanjania | 0.532 | | 8 | Chile | 0.860 | | 9 | Yemen | 0.424 | How many countries fall under the low category of ‘human development index’ in the given table ? (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5

Study the following table carefully and answer : Human Development Index 2022 | S.N. | Country | HDI Value | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Belarus | 0.801 | | 2 | Botswana | 0.708 | | 3 | Congo | 0.593 | | 4 | Mexico | 0.781 | | 5 | Nigeria | 0.548 | | 6 | Sudan | 0.516 | | 7 | Tanjania | 0.532 | | 8 | Chile | 0.860 | | 9 | Yemen | 0.424 | Congo comes under which one of the following categories of human development ? (A) Very high (B) High (C) Medium (D) Low

Study the following table carefully and answer : Human Development Index 2022 | S.N. | Country | HDI Value | | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Belarus | 0.801 | | 2 | Botswana | 0.708 | | 3 | Congo | 0.593 | | 4 | Mexico | 0.781 | | 5 | Nigeria | 0.548 | | 6 | Sudan | 0.516 | | 7 | Tanjania | 0.532 | | 8 | Chile | 0.860 | | 9 | Yemen | 0.424 | Which of the following European country falls under very high category of human development ? (A) Chile (B) Mexico (C) Botswana (D) Belarus

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow : The Quaternary Sector The Quaternary Sector along with the Tertiary Sector has replaced most of the primary and secondary employment as the basis for economic growth. Over half of all workers in developed economies are in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ and there has been a very high growth in demand for consumption of information-based services from mutual fund managers to tax consultants, software developers and statisticians. Personnel working in office buildings, elementary schools and university classrooms, hospitals and doctors’ offices, theatres, accounting and brokerage firms all belong to this category of services. Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment, or necessarily localised by market. (18.1) Define the concept of ‘outsourcing’. (18.2) More than 50 percent of all workers in developed countries belongs to which sector of economy ? (18.3) ‘Mutual funds managers’ are demanding which type of services ?

Study the given map carefully and answer the questions that follow : Trans-Siberian Railway (19.1) Name the easternmost terminal station of the given rail route. (19.2) Name the most important agro centre along the rail route. (19.3) Name the Sea near to the westernmost terminal station. [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.19: Describe any three features of ‘Trans-Siberian Railway’.]

(a) “International trade is mutually beneficial to nations.” Support the statement with suitable arguments. OR (b) “Global sea ports are the gateways of international trade.” Support the statement with suitable arguments.

Explain the importance of the ‘Northern Atlantic Sea Route’.

Study the given table carefully and answer the questions that follow : India – Trends of Urbanisation 1961-2011 | Year | Number of Towns / UAs | Urban Population (in Thousands) | % of Total population | Decennial Growth (%) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1961 | 2,365 | 78,936.6 | 17.97 | – | | 1971 | 2,590 | 1,09,114 | 19.91 | 38.23 | | 1981 | 3,378 | 1,59,463 | 23.34 | 46.14 | | 1991 | 4,689 | 2,17,611 | 25.71 | 36.47 | | 2001 | 5,161 | 2,85,355 | 27.78 | 31.13 | | 2011 | 6,171 | 3,77,000 | 31.16 | 31.08 | 22.1 During which decade, the net increase in number of towns/UAs is the lowest ? 22.2 Mention the net increase in number of towns/UAs during 1981-91. 22.3 Explain the decennial growth rate of urban population.

Explain the need to extend the network of national highways in India.

(a) How do the ‘landforms’ and ‘urbanisation’ influence the distribution of world population ? Explain with examples. OR (b) How do ‘water availability’ and ‘industrialization’ influence the distribution of world population ? Explain with examples.

(a) “The earliest human beings depended on their immediate environment for their sustenance.” Examine the statement with reference to hunting and gathering. OR (b) “Commercial livestock rearing is well organised and capital intensive.” Examine the statement with comparison to nomadic herding.

(a) Explain the problem of ‘low productivity’ of Indian agriculture. Analyse the role of ‘National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture’ to solve this problem. OR (b) Explain the problems of the ‘indebtedness’ of Indian farmers. Analyse the importance of ‘farmer’s portal’ in helping the farmers.

“The government of India’s campaign ‘Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao’ is an effective step to empower women.” Justify the statement.

(a) Explain the causes of air pollution and suggest any three measures to overcome it. OR (b) Explain the causes of noise pollution and suggest any three measures to overcome it.

On the given political outline map of the world, seven geographical features have been marked as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Identify any five with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them : A. A major sea-port B. A major air-port C. A major shipping canal D. A major area of ‘subsistence gathering’ E. A major area of ‘nomadic herding’ F. A major area of ‘commercial livestock rearing’ G. A major area of ‘extensive commercial grain farming’ [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.29 (answer any five): (29.1) Name the major sea-port located in Canada. (29.2) Name the major air-port located in Japan. (29.3) Name the shipping canal which connects Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. (29.4) Name the area of ‘subsistence gathering’ in South America. (29.5) Name the area of ‘nomadic herding’ located in Africa. (29.6) Name any one country of Australia continent where ‘commercial live-stock rearing’ is practised. (29.7) Name the area of ‘extensive commercial grain farming’ in Australia.]

On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols : 30.1 The state leading in the production of sugarcane. 30.2 An oil refinery located in Bihar 30.3 Important coal mines located in West Bengal 30.4 Important iron-ore mines located in Coastal Maharashtra 30.5 Important manganese mines located in Madhya Pradesh 30.6 A major sea-port located in Odisha 30.7 An important international airport in Telangana [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.30 (answer any five): (30.1) Name the state leading in the production of sugarcane. (30.2) Name the place of the oil refinery located in Bihar. (30.3) Name the place where important coal mines are located in West Bengal. (30.4) Name the place where important iron-ore mines are located in Coastal Maharashtra. (30.5) Name the place where important manganese mines are located in Madhya Pradesh. (30.6) Name the place where major sea port is located in Odisha. (30.7) Name the international airport located in Telangana.]