CBSE Class 12 History 2019 — Set 61/4/1

"The domestic architecture of Mohenjodaro was unique." Explain the statement with examples.

"Kabir is perhaps one of the most outstanding examples of a poet-saint of fourteenth-fifteenth centuries." Substantiate the statement with reference to his description of 'Ultimate Reality'.

Why was the Vitthala temple of Vijayanagara considered unique and interesting ? Explain with example. OR Explain the significance of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city of Vijayanagara.

Critically examine the Deccan Riots Commission's Report. OR Critically examine the policies adopted by the British for the annexation of Awadh in 1857.

Describe the teachings of Buddha and development of Buddhist ideas and practices by the first century CE. OR Describe the magnificent features of the sculpture of Sanchi Stupa.

Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : A mother's advice The Mahabharata describes how, when war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas became inevitable, Gandhari made one last appeal to her eldest son Duryodhana : By making peace you honour your father and me, as well as your well-wishers ... it is the wise man in control of his senses who guards his kingdom. Greed and anger drag a man away from his profits; by defeating these two enemies a king conquers the earth ... You will happily enjoy the earth, my son, along with the wise and heroic Pandavas ... There is no good in a war, no law (dharma) and profit (artha), let alone happiness; nor is there (necessarily) victory in the end — don't set your mind on war ... Duryodhana did not listen to this advice and fought and lost the war. (13.1) Analyse Gandhari's concern for her eldest son, Duryodhana. (2) (13.2) How do you think that greed and anger are the vices that overcome the senses of man ? (2) (13.3) Explain the wise suggestion Gandhari gave to her son. (3)

Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi spoke at Dandi : When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this seaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while I was at Sabarmati there was a rumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let my party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence : that power is universally felt. The Government may, if it wishes, congratulate itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us. In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such an army. He is a civilised man who feels ashamed to do anything which his neighbours would disapprove. The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of world opinion. Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party. ... What if I and all the eminent leaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested ? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary. CWMG, VOL. 49 (15.1) Interpret the apprehensions of Mahatma Gandhi when he started his Dandi March. (2) (15.2) Why did Gandhiji say that the government deserved to be congratulated ? (2) (15.3) "The Salt March was significant." Substantiate the statement. (3) OR Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : Charkha Mahatma Gandhi was profoundly critical of the modern age in which machines enslaved humans and displaced labour. He saw the charkha as a symbol of a human society that would not glorify machines and technology. The spinning wheel, moreover, could provide the poor with supplementary income and make them self-reliant. What I object to, is the craze for machinery as such. The craze is for what they call labour-saving machinery. Men go on "saving labour", till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation. I want to save time and labour, not for a fraction of mankind, but for all; I want the concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few, but in the hands of all. YOUNG INDIA, 13 NOVEMBER 1924 Khaddar does not seek to destroy all machinery but it does regulate its use and check its weedy growth. It uses machinery for the service of the poorest in their own cottages. The wheel is itself an exquisite piece of machinery. YOUNG INDIA, 17 MARCH 1927 (15.1) Why was Mahatma Gandhi critical of the modern age ? (2) (15.2) "The wheel is itself an exquisite piece of machinery." Explain this statement of Gandhiji. (2) (15.3) Highlight the importance given by Gandhiji to the charkha. (3)

(16.1) On the given political outline map of India (on page 15), locate and label the following appropriately : (1x2=2) (a) Kheda – Important Centre of National Movement. OR Bombay – A territory under British control during 1857. (b) Agra – The Imperial capital of Mughals. OR Mysore (16.2) On the same political outline map of India, three places have been marked as A, B and C, which are related to the matured Harappan sites. Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. (1x3=3) [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.16 (1+1+3=5): (16.1) Name any one centre of National Movement. (16.2) Name any one territory under Babur. (16.3) Name any three Buddhist sites. OR Name any three matured Harappan sites.]