CBSE Class 12 Political Science 2019 — Set 59/4/1

Name the republic that succeeded Soviet Union after its disintegration. What was its position in the international domain ?

“Free India was born in very difficult circumstances.” Justify the statement with any two suitable arguments. OR “The Constitution framers of India ensured development and well being of the entire society and not only of some sections.” Validate the statement with any two suitable arguments.

Analyse any two factors that led to the creation of Pakistan. OR “The idea of Pakistan might have appeared simple, but its creation presented many severe difficulties.” Elucidate any two of them.

Highlight any two constitutional issues between the Parliament and the Judiciary during the 1970s.

Despite the mixed record of democratic experience, why do the people in South Asian countries, even today, share the aspiration in favour of democracy ? Explain with the help of examples.

“The UN is an imperfect body but without it the world would be worse off.” Explain the statement. OR Why can the UN not serve as a balance against the US dominance ? Explain.

Explain India’s position on the environmental issues facing the contemporary world.

Assess the economic situation of India before the general elections of 1967. OR Why were the general elections of 1967 called as the political earthquake for Congress ? Examine any four reasons.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions : Emergency is one of the most controversial episodes in Indian politics. One reason is that there are differing viewpoints about the need to declare emergency. Another reason is that using the powers given by the Constitution, the government practically suspended the democratic functioning. As the investigations by the Shah Commission after the Emergency found out, there were many ‘excesses’ committed during the Emergency. Finally, there are varying assessments of what the lessons of Emergency are for the practice of democracy in India. (i) How far do you agree with the fact that during Emergency, the government practically suspended the democratic functioning also ? Give any one example to support your answer. (ii) Highlight any two lessons of Emergency which may be helpful for the practice of democracy in India. OR Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions : In the light of these events, the response of the government was to declare a state of Emergency. On 25th June, 1975, the government declared that there was a threat of internal disturbances and therefore, it invoked Article 352 of the Constitution. Under the provision of this Article, the government could declare a state of Emergency on grounds of external threat or a threat of internal disturbances. The government decided that a grave crisis had arisen which made the proclamation of a state of Emergency necessary. Technically speaking, this was within the powers of the government, for our Constitution provides for some special powers to the government once an Emergency is declared. (i) Analyse the grave crisis that compelled the government to impose a state of Emergency in the country. (ii) Identify the two special constitutional powers which the government gets once Emergency is proclaimed.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions : While globalization is not caused by any single factor, technology remains a critical element. There is no doubt that the invention of the telegraph, the telephone, and the microchip in more recent times has revolutionised communication between different parts of the world. When printing initially came into being it laid the basis for the creation of nationalism. So also today, we should expect that technology will affect the way we think of our personal but also our collective lives. (i) How has technology aided globalization ? (ii) Globalization is a multi-dimensional concept. Justify the statement. (iii) Give examples of any two events or happenings that have a global impact. OR Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions : Globalization affects us in our home, in what we eat, drink, wear and indeed in what we think. It shapes what we think are our preferences. The cultural effect of globalization leads to the fear that this process poses a threat to cultures in the world. It does so, because globalization leads to the rise of a uniform culture or what is called cultural homogenisation. The rise of a uniform culture is not the emergence of a global culture. What we have in the name of a global culture is the imposition of Western culture on the rest of the world. But there are some positive aspects of cultural globalization as well. (i) How is cultural homogenisation different from cultural heterogenisation ? Explain. (ii) “Sometimes external global influences simply enlarge our choices or modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional system.” Give three illustrations to prove the statement.

Study the picture given below carefully and answer the following questions : [Words printed in the cartoon: “EAST ASIAN NATIONS”; “WE’LL HAVE TO GET USED TO IT...”; “COMPETITION”] (i) The given image refers to which policy of India since 1991 ? (ii) Explain the significance of this policy as shown in the image above. (iii) Evaluate India’s role in ASEAN. [For Visually Impaired Candidates, in lieu of this question: (20.1) What is the full form of ASEAN ? (20.2) Evaluate India’s role in ASEAN. (20.3) What did the Chinese do to break from their economic stagnation ?]

Why did the Soviet Union, the second most powerful country in the world, suddenly disintegrate ? Explain any six reasons. OR Explain any three reasons each for the ‘arms race’ as well as the ‘arms control’ during the Cold War.

Explain the need for cooperative security as a necessity in dealing with possible contemporary threats to the nations and suggest the methods to achieve it. OR Why should India be made a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council ? Give any three arguments.

Describe the role of opposition parties in the first phase of democratic politics in our country which was quite unique. OR Describe the events that led to the merger of Hyderabad and Manipur with the Union of India.

Describe any three outcomes of early initiatives for planned development in India. OR Elaborate any three arguments given by the critics against the mixed model of economy adopted by India.

Examine the efforts taken by Jawaharlal Nehru for the promotion of Afro-Asian Unity. OR Evaluate the impact of the Chinese invasion of 1962 in denting India’s image at home and abroad, both.

Highlight any three provisions of Article 370 which provide a special status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Also examine the two opposite reactions provoked by this special status among the people. OR Analyse any three developments towards the end of 1980s that were to make a long lasting impact on the politics of India.