CBSE Class 12 Psychology 2023 — Set 63/FGHE/4

Wasim is always brushing everything under the carpet and refuses to face the stressor or even accept it. Which kind of unhelpful habit is this?

Which of the following statements is/are true about the diathesis-stress model? (i) Presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited. (ii) Physiological disorders develop due to combination of psychological predisposition and stressors. (iii) Diathesis may carry vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder. (iv) Absence of pathogenic stressors that may lead to psychopathology.

Some people are unable to prevent themselves from specific ideas or from repeatedly carrying out a set of actions that disrupts their daily functioning. These people are showing symptoms of ______ .

Michael, a 10-year-old boy, was diagnosed with a disorder where he has difficulty in perceiving and processing information accurately and efficiently. This impacts his basic skills of reading, writing and doing mathematics. Identify this disorder.

In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Select the correct choice from (a), (b), (c), (d). Assertion (A): According to cognitive therapy, childhood experiences provided by the family and society develop core schemas in the child which include beliefs and action patterns in individual. Reason (R): In this therapy, irrational beliefs mediate between antecedent events and their consequences.

Ritik is undergoing a therapy where he is being taught to recognise bodily processes and the emotions that are being blocked out from his awareness. Which therapy is being applied here?

Why is behavioural analysis conducted to overcome stress? (i) To find malfunctioning behaviour (ii) To find the consequent operations of the adaptive behaviour (iii) To identify the antecedents of faulty learning (iv) To identify factors that maintain faulty learning

In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Select the correct choice from (a), (b), (c), (d). Assertion (A): Cognitive consistency means that two components in an attitude system must be in the opposite direction. Reason (R): If the two elements are not logically in consonance with each other, it leads to distress in the individual.

Ashwin's roommate at college, who belonged to a particular State, was always rude and selfish towards him. Ashwin now does not befriend or employ people from this State as he feels that they are all impolite. This is an example of

Which one of the following is not a factor that will lead to attitude change?

We all belong to different types of groups. What type of group will the armed forces be if you join it? (i) Primary (ii) Secondary (iii) Formal (iv) Informal

In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Select the correct choice from (a), (b), (c), (d). Assertion (A): Children from disadvantaged homes, when adopted into families with higher socio-economic status, exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. Reason (R): Environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background and quality of schooling increases intelligence.

Adil, a young man, shows aggressive actions that threaten or cause harm to people or animals and indulges in serious rule violations. What are these symptoms indicative of? Mention two other types of aggressive behaviour.

(a) Ranjan has faced a lot of mishaps in his life. However, he shows low levels of illness despite high levels of stress. What makes people like Ranjan resistant to stress? OR (b) Neerav's parents have recently shifted to Bengaluru and have been busy settling him in the new city. Neerav misses his friends back in Nagpur and this has impacted his academic performance. What is the source of this stress? State the other sources of stress as well.

Explain cognitive distortions. Give an example of cognitive distortion that a client might be experiencing.

Suppose you are a college student who wants to contribute towards the country's economy. Suggest a process that you will use to bring an attitude change amongst your peers towards buying only Indian goods to support the nation's economy.

Differentiate between ingroup and outgroup.

Ryan and Shireen are siblings brought up in the same environment. Ryan knows all the formulae in mathematics and can recall them as they are but cannot solve problems based on those formulae, whereas Shireen can use formulae to solve any kind of problem that are based on them. Explain the intelligence they both exhibit. Which approach is this theory based on?

Explain any three psychological models used to understand mental disorders.

(a) 'An individual's attitude towards a particular topic may be contrary to his/her behaviour.' Justify this statement with evidence. OR (b) 'Values and beliefs are not the same as attitudes.' Explain this statement with the help of examples.

Mehak is an important member of her Psychology group and has recently been selected to be a member of the football team as well. What is the main difference between the group and the team that she is a part of?

(a) Describe the model which states that intellectual activity involves the three interdependent functioning of neurological systems. OR (b) The cultural environment provides a context for intelligence to develop. How does the role of culture influence our understanding of intelligence? Explain.

A study found that one-third of British children, at age six, are afraid of snakes even though it is rare to encounter snakes in British Isles. The children had never come in contact with snakes in a traumatic situation, but snakes still generated anxious response. How would Carl Jung's theory of personality explain the same? Throw some light on his theory.

(a) To deal effectively with environment, the individuals must possess the right life skills. Explain any four of these life skills. OR (b) Many ailments like hypertension, ulcers, etc. could be stress related. To prevent this from happening, we need to be aware about stress management techniques. Explain any four of these techniques.

An eight-year-old child is showing aggressive and disruptive behaviour in the class. As a student of Psychology, what techniques would you suggest to help modify the child's behaviour?

(a) A number of theories have been used to understand 'personality'. Discuss how efforts have been made to categorise people into personality types since ancient times. OR (b) According to Freud, individuals avoid anxiety by using mechanisms that protect the ego by distorting reality. What are these mechanisms called? Explain its different kinds with the help of examples.

Case study: Mohsin, a 6-year-old boy, has difficulty in feeding and dressing himself, but training from his parents has helped him to be a little independent. He faces trouble making friends outside his family and has difficulty in dealing with people in social situations. His parents are always worried about him and are aware that he needs consistent level of supervision in daily tasks. Mohsin's brother understands his needs and what he says but it is difficult for his peers to understand him as he lags behind them in communication and language skills. Throughout Mohsin's journey, psychologists and health workers focused on engaging his family in meaningful future planning using a variety of strategies and resources. This included offering them ongoing and timely information and assisting the family to understand and connect to resources. (a) Identify the disorder Mohsin is exhibiting. Distinguish it from autism spectrum disorder. OR (b) How are the symptoms that Mohsin is exhibiting different from a more severe form of that disorder?

Case study: Mohsin, a 6-year-old boy, has difficulty in feeding and dressing himself, but training from his parents has helped him to be a little independent. He faces trouble making friends outside his family and has difficulty in dealing with people in social situations. His parents are always worried about him and are aware that he needs consistent level of supervision in daily tasks. Mohsin's brother understands his needs and what he says but it is difficult for his peers to understand him as he lags behind them in communication and language skills. In order to understand Mohsin's disorder, what do psychologists refer to classify psychological disorders?

Case study: When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him. It was better than the pain they would have to go through their lifetime, some said. He is a 'useless' baby without eyes; being born blind is a sin, others added. Twenty-three years later, Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the 'world looks at me and says, “Srikanth, you can do nothing”, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything.' Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions, which is worth Rs 50 crore. He considers himself the luckiest man alive, not because he is now a millionaire, but because his uneducated parents, who earned Rs 20,000 a year, did not heed any of the 'advice' they received and raised him with love and affection. 'They are the richest people I know,' says Srikanth. We can see that Srikanth has the ability to adopt, shape and select the environment. Identify the theory of intelligence that would best support our understanding of Srikanth's intelligence.

Case study: When Srikanth Bolla was born, neighbours in the village suggested that his parents smother him... Srikanth is the Founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Bollant Industries, an organisation that employs uneducated and challenged employees to manufacture eco-friendly, disposable consumer packaging solutions. 'Srikanth is standing tall living by his conviction that if the “world looks at me and says, ‘Srikanth, you can do nothing’, I look back at the world and say, I can do anything.”' According to Gardner's multiple theory of intelligences, which kind of intelligence explains this? Discuss this intelligence in brief.