Q.Observe the following C++ code and find the possible output(s) from the options

Concept: Array indexing with random bounds — random(N) returns an integer from 0 to N-1, so Start is 1 or 2, and End is Start + (0 to 3).

Step 1 – Start values:

random(2) gives 0 or 1, so Start = 1 or 2.

Step 2 – End values:

random(4) gives 0, 1, 2, or 3.

Thus End can be:

• If Start = 1: End = 1, 2, 3, 4
• If Start = 2: End = 2, 3, 4, 5

Step 3 – Possible outputs:

The loop prints A[I] for I from Start to End inclusive.

• Start=1, End=1 → 20$
• Start=1, End=2 → 20$30$
• Start=1, End=3 → 20$30$40$
• Start=1, End=4 → 20$30$40$50$ …

The key is to understand what random(N) does: it returns an integer from 0 to N−1, inclusive. So random(2) gives either 0 or 1. Adding 1 means Start is either 1 or 2.

Then random(4) gives 0, 1, 2, or 3. So End = Start + random(4) can be as low as Start + 0 and as high as Start + 3.

Let’s work through the possibilities.

1. Possible values of Start

   random(2) → {0, 1}.

   Start = random(2) + 1 → {1, 2}.

2. Possible values of End

   random(4) → {0, 1, 2, 3}.

   So End = Start + random(4) ranges from Start to Start + 3.

   • If Start = 1: End can be 1, 2, 3, or 4.
   • If Start = 2: End can be 2, 3, 4, or 5.

   Therefore the overall minimum End is 1, and the overall maximum End is 5.

3. What the loop prints

   The loop runs for(int I=Start; I<=End; I++) and prints A[I] followed by "$".

   The array A is:

   Index: 0 → 10, 1 → 20, 2 → 30, 3 → 40, 4 → 50, 5 → 60, 6 → 70, 7 → 80.

   So the printed sequence depends on Start and End:

   Start	End	Indices printed	Output
   1	1	1	20$
   1	2	1,2	20$30$
   1	3	1,2,3	20$30$40$
   1	4	1,2,3,4	20$30$40$50$
   2	2	2	30$
   2	3	2,3	30$40$