Q.Write the names of any four fundamental data types of C++.

Concept: Fundamental data types in C++ are the built-in types provided by the language for representing basic values.

The four fundamental data types are:

1. int — used for integer values (e.g., int age = 25;).
2. float — used for single-precision floating-point numbers (e.g., float pi = 3.14f;). …

The Concept: What Makes a Data Type "Fundamental"?

In C++, a fundamental data type is one that is built directly into the language — not composed from other types. Think of them as the atoms of the type system. Every other type (arrays, classes, pointers) is built on top of these. The C++ standard guarantees that these types exist on every compliant compiler, though their exact sizes can vary by platform.

The four you'll encounter first — and the ones most exam questions expect — are:

1. int — for whole numbers (integers).
2. char — for a single character (like 'A' or '9').
3. float — for single-precision decimal numbers.
4. bool — for logical values (true or false).

Let's walk through each one.

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1. int — Integer Type

int stores whole numbers (no fractional part). On most modern systems, it occupies 4 bytes (32 bits), giving a range of roughly $-2^{31}$ to $2^{31}-1$ (about $-2.1 \times 10^9$ to $2.1 \times 10^9$).

int age = 25;
int temperature = -10;

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2. char — Character Type

char stores a single character, but under the hood it's really a small integer (usually 1 byte, 8 bits). Each character is mapped to a numeric code (ASCII or extended ASCII).

char grade = 'A';   // stores the integer 65
char digit = '7';   // stores the integer 55

You can even do arithmetic on char values: 'A' + 1 gives 'B' (since 65 + 1 = 66).

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3. float — Floating-Point Type

float stores real numbers with a decimal point, using single precision (usually 4 bytes). It can represent values like $3.14$ or $-0.001$, but with limited precision — about 6–7 significant decimal digits.

float pi = 3.14159f;   // the 'f' suffix tells C++ it's a float, not a double
float speed = 299.792f;

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4. bool — Boolean Type …