(OR) Give any six differences between the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association.

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> [!TLDR]
> MOA is the company's charter of objects/powers governing outside relations (compulsory, hard to alter); AOA is the internal rulebook subordinate to it (optional for some, easier to alter).
>
> Six differences between the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and the Articles of Association (AOA):
> - **Meaning:** the MOA is the fundamental charter that defines the company's objectives, scope and powers; the AOA contains the internal rules and regulations for the management of the company.
> - **Relationship:** the MOA defines the company's relationship with the outside world; the AOA governs the relationship between the company and its members and the internal conduct of affairs.
> - **Subordination:** the AOA is subordinate to the MOA and cannot contain anything contrary to it or to the Companies Act.
> - **Necessity:** the MOA is compulsory for every company; the AOA is not compulsory for a public company limited by shares, which may adopt the model articles (Table F) instead.
> - **Alteration:** the MOA can be altered only with difficulty, through a prescribed procedure and often with approval of the authorities; the AOA can be altered relatively easily by passing a special resolution. …

Category	Purpose	Examples
Constitutional documents	Define the company's identity, powers, and internal rules	Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association
Procedural documents	Record decisions made by directors or shareholders	Board resolutions, shareholder resolutions, minutes of meetings
Financial documents	Show the company's financial position and performance	Balance sheet, profit & loss account, auditor's report
Statutory registers	Maintain legally required records of key facts	Register of members, register of directors, register of charges
Filing documents	Submitted to the Registrar of Companies to update public records	Annual return, change in directors, alteration of capital
Transactional documents	Govern specific business dealings	Contracts, agreements, share certificates, debenture trust deeds

Q.(OR) Give any six differences between the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association.

Concept understanding — Company Law Document

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The Precise Statement

The Major Categories (with Examples)

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Q.(OR) Give any six differences between the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association.

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