Q.Which standard should be used to judge the quality of jewellary?
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🔒 Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Concept understanding — Product Labeling
Let’s start with something you do every time you pick up a packaged item — a bottle of shampoo, a packet of biscuits, a tube of toothpaste. Before you buy, you glance at the front for the brand name, then flip it over to read the ingredients, the expiry date, maybe a “100% natural” claim. That entire set of information — the name, the logo, the list of contents, the instructions, the warnings, the price, the batch number — is product labeling.
In everyday life, a label is just a sticker or a printed panel. But in commerce, product labeling is the entire process of designing and attaching that information to a product’s package. It is not decoration; it is a legal and marketing tool.
The precise meaning
According to the NCERT Class 12 Business Studies textbook (Marketing chapter), a label is defined as “the part of the product that carries information about the product and the seller.” It can be a simple tag tied to the product, a graphic printed on the package, or even a separate leaflet inside the box. The label performs three core functions:
- Identifies the product or brand (e.g., “Amul Butter” with the girl logo).
- Describes the product — its ingredients, net weight, manufacturer’s address, usage instructions, expiry date, MRP.
- Promotes the product — a “New! Improved formula” sticker or a “100% organic” seal is a promotional label.
A label is not the same as the package. The package is the physical container (bottle, box, wrapper). The label is the information on that container. One product can have multiple labels (front brand label, back ingredient label, side barcode label).
Why labeling matters — the three reasons
First, it is legally compulsory for most products. The government mandates that every packaged good must show the MRP, date of manufacture, expiry date, net quantity, and manufacturer’s details. Without these, the product cannot be sold. This protects you from being cheated — you can check if the biscuit packet is stale or if the “juice” actually contains any fruit.
Second, it helps you use the product correctly. A medicine label tells you the dosage; a cleaning liquid label warns “keep away from eyes”; a food label lists allergens like peanuts or milk. Without labeling, you could misuse a product and harm yourself.
Third, it is a powerful marketing tool. A well-designed label catches your eye on a crowded shelf. A “Sugar-free” label on a health drink or a “Made with real honey” label on a cereal directly influences your buying decision. Companies spend heavily on label design because it is often the first thing a customer notices.
Types of labels (as per NCERT)
NCERT classifies labels into three categories:
- Brand label: Only the brand name is shown (e.g., “Sony” on a TV).
- Grade label: Indicates the quality or grade (e.g., “Grade A” eggs, “Superior” quality cloth). …
The quality of gold jewellery is judged by the Hallmark certification. …
Jewellery quality is certified by the Hallmark (BIS) mark.
Different certification marks assure quality for different products. For gold and silver jewellery, the standardisation/certification mark is the Hallmark, issued under the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS); it certifies the purity (fineness) of the precious metal, so the consumer is assured of genuine quality …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.What does the Bureau of Indian Standards Hallmark indicate?
›Reveal solutionSolution
The BIS Hallmark is a certification mark that guarantees the purity of gold and silver articles.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national standards body of India. The BIS Hallmark is a certification mark used specifically on gold and silver jewellery and artefacts. It indicates that the precious-metal item conforms to the purity (fineness) standards laid down by BIS — for example, the carat and fineness of the gold. For the consumer, the hallmark is an assurance of genuine quality and purity, protecting him from being cheated with impure or under-karat metal. (This is different from the ISI mark …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Name the identification mark used on industrial products which assures quality standards and safety to consumers for its use.
›Reveal solutionSolution
The identification mark is the ISI mark.
Certification marks help consumers identify products that meet defined quality/safety standards:
- ISI mark (Bureau of Indian Standards) — used on industrial and electrical goods (e.g., electrical appliances, cement, LPG cylinders) to certify that the product conforms to the standards laid down by BIS, assuring consumers of its quality and safety for use. …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.The quality certification mark used to ensure safety of electrical goods is ..........................(a) HALLMARK(b) AGMARK(c) FPO(d) ISI
›Reveal solutionSolution
ISI is the quality certification mark used for the safety of electrical goods.
India uses several certification marks to help consumers identify quality/standard-compliant goods:
- ISI mark — issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS); found on electrical goods (switches, heaters, wires), cement, LPG cylinders, etc., certifying the product meets Indian safety and quality standards.
- AGMARK — certifies the quality of agricultural produce/commodities (ghee, spices, honey, etc.). …
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Why should a consumer look for ISI mark while buying electrical goods?
›Reveal solutionSolution
The ISI mark certifies that an electrical product meets official safety and quality standards.
The ISI mark (now issued under the Bureau of Indian Standards regime) is a certification mark that indicates a product has been tested and conforms to the quality, performance and, crucially, safety standards specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Electrical goods that do not meet proper insulation, wiring, and manufacturing standards can cause short-circuits, electric shocks, or fires. By checking for the ISI mark before purchase, a consumer gets independent assurance that the appliance has passed these safety checks, protecting both life and property — this is precisely why Right to S …
- CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Write True or False: ISI mark is given under Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986.(a) True(b) False
›Reveal solutionSolution
True (as per the textbook framing) — the ISI mark is a quality-certification scheme administered by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Among the means available to protect consumers is quality certification, where a mark on a product assures the buyer that it meets a defined quality/safety standard:
- The ISI mark is awarded to industrial products (electrical appliances, cement, LPG cylinders, etc.) that conform to standards laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the national standards body.
- This certification protects consumers by giving them a visible, trustworthy signal of product safety and quality at the point of purchase, reducing information asymmetry between seller and buyer. …
- CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Why should a consumer look for I.S.I. mark while buying electrical goods?
›Reveal solutionSolution
The ISI mark certifies that an electrical good meets BIS safety and quality standards, protecting the buyer from substandard or unsafe products.
Under Consumer Protection, standardisation/certification marks are highlighted as one of the ways in which consumers can protect themselves (the consumer's own responsibility to be an informed buyer) and one of the ways manufacturers signal quality. The ISI (Indian Standards Institution) mark, issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards under the BIS Act, is mandatory for certain product categories, particularly electrical goods and appliances where a defect can cause fire, shock or injury.
Looking for the ISI mark before buying electrical items (switches, wires, heaters, pressure cookers, etc.) matters because:
- It assures the buyer that the product has passed quality and safety tests laid down by BIS. …
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