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Economics · Class 12 Commerce

Himachal Hpbose Class 12 Economics — Real Previous-Year Papers

with complete answers

Real previous-year board papers, year by year — the official exam pattern, the full question paper, and every question solved the concept-first way. Distinct from the chapter-wise textbook bank.

2020–2026
Years of papers
5
Total Papers
5
Real Board Papers
0
Sample papers
190
Real-paper Q & A
0
Sample-paper Q & A

Real board-paper questions available, by year

44 Q2026complete
44 Q2025complete
38 Q2024complete
32 Q2023complete
—2022Paper not available
—2021Exam cancelled (COVID-19)
32 Q2020complete

2022 — Paper not available: The board held this year’s commerce examination, but no verified question paper for this subject is available from the sources we check. We publish only a paper we can verify against a real printed original — it will appear here once it is.

2021 — Exam cancelled (COVID-19): This Class-12 board examination was cancelled due to COVID-19; results were computed from an internal assessment/formula instead of a written paper. No annual question paper was conducted that year, so none exists to publish.

HPBOSE Himachal Plus Two Class 12 (Commerce) 2026 · Set ANNUAL

Real board examination

About this paper

The real Class-12 board examination held in 2026. Every question below is solved the concept-first way. Sample papers are labelled honestly — never shown as a past exam.

Total marks
—
Questions
—
Duration
—
Sections
—

The marks / questions / duration above are the official exam pattern. We currently have 44 of this paper’s questions, with 44 fully solved. Questions we couldn’t yet extract or verify are held — never shown as complete.

The question paper

The questions we hold for this paper, laid out by section. Solutions are on the Answers tab.

Board Examination

Economics

HPBOSE Himachal Plus Two Class 12 (Commerce) 2026 · Set ANNUAL

Series/Set: ANNUALRoll No. ________
Time Allowed: —Maximum Marks: —
Section A

Q1.
Who is the father of Economics?
  • (a) Adam Smith
  • (b) Marshall
  • (c) Robbins
  • (d) None of the above
[1]
Q2.
Law of diminishing marginal utility is related to
  • (a) Consumption
  • (b) Exchange
  • (c) Production
  • (d) None of the above
[1]
Q3.
Law of demand applies to -
  • (a) Normal goods
  • (b) Giffen goods
  • (c) Articles of distinction
  • (d) All of the above goods
[1]
Q4.
When demand curve is parallel to x-axis, then elasticity of demand is-
  • (a) Unitary
  • (b) Greater than unitary
  • (c) Zero
  • (d) Infinity
[1]
Q5.
As a result of rise in consumer's income, demand curve of coarse grain (inferior goods) -
  • (a) Shift to the left
  • (b) Shift to the right
  • (c) will not shift but move upwards on the same demand curve
  • (d) will not shift but move downwards on the same demand curve
[1]
Q6.
Fixed costs are also known as -
  • (a) supplementary costs
  • (b) overhead costs
  • (c) Indirect costs
  • (d) All of the above
[1]
Q7.
TR is calculated as:
  • (a) TR = AR/Q
  • (b) TR = AR × Q
  • (c) TR = AR − Q
  • (d) TR = AR + Q
[1]
Page 1 of 7
Q8.
Demand curve in perfect competition is - (a) Less elastic (b) More elastic (c) Perfectly elastic (d) Perfectly inelastic
[1]
Q9.
Domestic Product is equal to: (a) National Product + Net factor income from abroad (b) National Product − Net factor income from abroad (c) National Product + Net factor income from abroad (d) National Product × Net factor income from abroad
[1]
Q10.
Any country which has economic relationship with other country is known as: (a) Open economy (b) Closed economy (c) Mixed economy (d) Self reliant economy
[1]
Q11.
Which one is the near money out of the following? (a) Time deposit (b) Bill of exchange (c) Treasury Bill (d) All of the above
[1]
Q12.
Out of the following which one is the Central Bank of India? (a) State Bank of India (b) Central Bank of India (c) Reserve Bank of India (d) Union Bank
[1]
Q13.
Formula to calculate marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is: (a) MPC = ΔC/ΔY (b) MPC = C/Y (c) MPC = S/Y (d) MPC = f(Y)
[1]
Q14.
If the value of exports exceeds the value of imports then the balance of trade of country will be: (a) Unfavourable (b) Favourable (c) Both (A) and (B) (d) None of the above
[1]
Q15.
Assertion (A): A stock is a quantity measured at a specified period of time. Reason (R): Consumption expenditure of a house hold is a flow concept. (a) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[1]
Q16.
Assertion (A): There is an equilibrium in the economy when AD = AS. Reason (R): AD = AS when the intended production in the economy is equal to the intended purchase. (a) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) (b) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) (c) (A) is true but (R) is false. (d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[1]
Page 2 of 7
Section B

Q1.
(Attempt any three of Q.17) What is meant by consumer's equilibrium? Give its assumptions.
[2]
Q2.
(Attempt any three of Q.17) Distinguish between Social cost and Private cost.
[2]
Q3.
(Attempt any three of Q.17) Explain Internal and External economies.
[2]
Q4.
(Attempt any three of Q.17) What are the assumptions of Law of demand?
[2]
Q5.
(Attempt any four of Q.18) What is meant by economic problem? Why does it arise?
[3]
Q6.
(Attempt any four of Q.18) Calculate the elasticity of demand from following table: Price per unit (₹) | Quantity demanded (Kg.) 10 | 15 8 | 20
[3]
Q7.
(Attempt any four of Q.18) Complete the following table: Unit of Output | Total Cost | Average cost | Marginal cost 1 | − | 10 | − 2 | − | 9 | − 3 | − | 8 | − 4 | − | 7 | −
[3]
Page 3 of 7
Q8.
(Attempt any four of Q.18) What is the effect of Floor Price? Explain with diagram.
[3]
Q9.
(Attempt any four of Q.18) Match the following: Column-I | Column-II 1. TR | TRn − TRn-1 2. MR | ΣMR 3. AR | TR/Q
[3]
Q10.
What do you mean by Perfect Competition Market? Explain its Four characteristics.
[4]
Q11.
OR (alternative to the previous question): Explain extension of demand and contraction of demand with the help of diagram.
[4]
Q12.
(Attempt any two of Q.20) Explain the degrees of the price elasticity of demand with the help of diagram.
[5]
Q13.
(Attempt any two of Q.20) Explain the Law of variable proportion with the help of diagram.
[5]
Page 4 of 7
Q14.
(Attempt any two of Q.20) Explain with diagram the impact on equilibrium price when supply remains constant but demand for a commodity changes.
[5]
Section C

Q1.
(Attempt any three of Q.21) If income is ₹500 crore and saving is ₹100 crore, find out the average propensity to consume (APC).
[2]
Q2.
(Attempt any three of Q.21) Explain the progressive tax.
[2]
Q3.
(Attempt any three of Q.21) What is meant by current account of Balance of the payment? Explain it.
[2]
Q4.
(Attempt any three of Q.21) Distinguish between Stock and Flow.
[2]
Q5.
(Attempt any four of Q.22) Calculate the Net Domestic Product at Factor Cost: Items (₹ Crore) 1. Gross National Product at market price = 1800 2. Depreciation = 40 3. Subsidies = 30 4. Indirect tax = 50 5. Net factor income from abroad = 15
[3]
Q6.
(Attempt any four of Q.22) Explain the main objectives of budget.
[3]
Page 5 of 7
Q7.
(Attempt any four of Q.22) Explain the importance of Public Expenditure.
[3]
Q8.
(Attempt any four of Q.22) How is the equilibrium rate of exchange determined?
[3]
Q9.
(Attempt any four of Q.22) Match the following: Column-I | Column-II 1. MPC + MPS | ΔY/ΔI 2. Multiplier (K) | ΔS/ΔY 3. MPS | 1
[3]
Q10.
Explain the main functions of Money.
[4]
Q11.
OR (alternative to the previous question): Distinguish between Balanced Budget and Imbalanced Budget.
[4]
Q12.
(Attempt any two of Q.24) Explain in detail the product method to measure the National Income.
[5]
Page 6 of 7
Q13.
(Attempt any two of Q.24) The income of an economy is ₹8,000 crore and marginal propensity to consume MPC = 0.75, If a country invests ₹400 crores, then find out the Gross National Income.
[5]
Q14.
(Attempt any two of Q.24) Explain the functions of the Central Bank.
[5]
Page 7 of 7