Q.(a) What is a Functional Group? Write the functional groups of alcohol and carboxylic acids.

The first member of the alkyne series is ethyne (acetylene), HC≡CH, with molecular formula C2H2.

Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, with the general formula CnH2n-2. The simplest possible alkyne would require two carbon atoms joined by a triple bond, i.e., ethyne (HC≡CH, C2H2), commonly known by its trivial name acetylene. (A single-carbon 'methyne' analogue does not exist as a stable compound, since a triple bond requires at least two carbon atoms.) Ethyne is …

Acetone's functional group is the carbonyl group >C=O.

Acetone, CH3–CO–CH3, is the simplest ketone. Its characteristic functional group is the carbonyl group, >C=O, bonded to two carbon atoms. …

Carboxylic acids contain the −COOH (carboxyl) group.

The carboxyl group −COOH (a combination of carbonyl >C=O and hydroxyl −OH on the same carbon) is the functional group of carboxylic acids, e.g …

Secondary amine functional group = −NH− (R2NH).

Amines are classified by how many carbon groups are on nitrogen: primary R−NH2 (−NH2), secondary R2NH (−NH−), tertiary R3N (−N<). In a secondary amine, nitrogen i …

AZT (Azidothymidine) is used in the treatment of AIDS — option (2).

Azidothymidine (AZT), also called zidovudine, is a nucleoside-analogue antiretroviral drug. It blocks the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which HIV needs to copy its RNA into DNA, thereby slowing …

Successive alkanes in the homologous series differ by a CH2 unit (14 mass units).

Alkanes follow the general formula $C_nH_{2n+2}$. Going from one member to the next (e.g. methane CH4 → ethane C2H6 → propane C3H8), each step adds exactly one carbon and two hydrogens, i.e. one CH2 unit. This constant difference in c …

A series of organic compounds in which each member differs from the next by a constant -CH2- unit is called a homologous series.

A homologous series is a family of organic compounds having:

1. The same general formula (e.g., alkanes: CnH2n+2)
2. The same functional group and similar chemical properties
3. Adjacent members differing in molecular formula by a -CH2- (14 mass units) unit
4. A gradual change in physical properties (boiling point, melting point) with increasing molecular mass …