Q.Define biogeography. Give one example of biogeographical evidence in favour of evolution.

Biogeography studies where species are found across the globe; patterns like isolated continents evolving their own distinct (yet ecologically similar) faunas provide strong evidence that evolution and geographic separation are linked.

Biogeography is the branch of biology that studies the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time, and how that distribution came to be, in relation to continental movement, climate, and other geological/historical events.

A classic biogeographical evidence for evolution is the marsupial fauna of Australia. When the ancient supercontinent broke apart, Australia became isolated relatively early, before placental mammals became widespread there. In this isolation, marsupial mammals (like kangaroos, koalas, the marsupial 'wolf'/mole/flying squirrel) underwent adaptive radiation, evolving independently to fill ecological niches that, on other continents, are occupied by unrelated placental mammals with a similar body form/lifestyle (e.g. the marsupial mole resembling the placental mole) - a str …