Biology · 1st Puc Science
Ch 17Locomotion and Movement — 1st PUC Biology, concept-first.
Movement is one of the defining features of living things, and it shows up in strikingly different forms across the living world. At the simplest level, the streaming of protoplasm inside a single-celled organism like Amoeba already counts as a form of movement.
Key concepts
Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.
Sarcomere Structure Diagram
Imagine a very long railway track made of identical carriages joined end to end. If you want the whole train to become shorter, you cannot do it by looking at the whole train at once — you understand it by looking at a s…
Most relevant Q&A
- Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.Free
- Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum refer to a particular type of cell in our body. Which is this cell and to what parts of th…Preview
- What is the difference between the matrix of bones and cartilage?Preview
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Introduction
Movement is one of the defining features of living things, and it shows up in strikingly different forms across the living world.
Types of Movement
The cells of the human body show three main kinds of movement: amoeboid, ciliary and muscular movement.
Muscle
Muscle is the tissue that gives the body most of its power to move. Before turning to muscle proper, it is worth recalling from the chapter on the cell that cilia and flagella are outgrowths of the ce…
Structure of Contractile Proteins
The banding pattern of muscle makes sense once the two contractile proteins — actin and myosin — are examined in detail.
Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
How a muscle actually shortens is explained by the sliding filament theory. Its central idea is simple: a muscle fibre contracts when the thin filaments slide over the thick filaments.
Skeletal System
Working alongside the muscles is the skeletal system -- the body's supporting scaffold, built chiefly of bones with a handful of cartilages filling in at the flexible points.
Joints
Joints are essential for every kind of movement that involves the bony parts of the body, and locomotion is no exception.
Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System
The muscles and the skeleton keep us upright and let us move, but both systems can be affected by a range of disorders.
Summary
Movement is one of the defining features of every living thing, and animals in particular show it in many forms.
Exercises
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- 17.1Draw the diagram of a sarcomere of skeletal muscle showing different regions.Free
- 17.2Define sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.Free
- 17.3Describe the important steps in muscle contraction.Free
- 17.4Write true or false. If false change the statement so that it is true. (a) Actin is present in thin filament. (b) H-zone of striated muscle…Preview
- 17.5Write the difference between: (a) Actin and Myosin (b) Red and White muscles (c) Pectoral and Pelvic girdlePreview
- 17.6Match Column I with Column II: Column I (a) Smooth muscle (b) Tropomyosin (c) Red muscle (d) Skull Column II (i) Myoglobin (ii) Thin filamen…Preview
- 17.7What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?Preview
- 17.8How do you distinguish between a skeletal muscle and a cardiac muscle?Preview
- 17.9Name the type of joint between the following: (a) atlas/axis (b) carpal/metacarpal of thumb (c) between phalanges (d) femur/acetabulum (e) b…Preview
- 17.10Fill in the blank spaces: (a) All mammals (except a few) have ______ cervical vertebra. (b) The number of phalanges in each limb of human is…Preview
Exemplar Problems
Higher-order thinking / exemplar-style practice problems.
+−Show 38 questionsHide questions38 questions
- Q1Match the following and mark the correct option. Column I: A. Fast muscle fibres; B. Slow muscle fibres; C. Actin filament; D. Sarcomere. Co…Free
- Q2Ribs are attached to (a) Scapula (b) Sternum (c) Clavicle (d) IliumFree
- Q3What is the type of movable joint present between the atlas and axis? (a) Pivot (b) Saddle (c) Hinge (d) GlidingFree
- Q4ATPase of the muscle is located in (a) Actinin (b) Troponin (c) Myosin (d) ActinPreview
- Q5Intervertebral disc is found in the vertebral column of (a) Birds (b) Reptiles (c) Mammals (d) AmphibiansPreview
- Q6Which one of the following is showing the correct sequential order of vertebrae in the vertebral column of human beings? (a) Cervical — lumb…Preview
- Q7Which one of the following pairs is incorrect? (a) Hinge joint: between Humerus and Pectoral girdle (b) Pivot joint: between atlas and axis…Preview
- Q8Knee joint and elbow joint are examples of (a) Saddle joint (b) Ball and socket joint (c) Pivot joint (d) Hinge jointPreview
- Q9Macrophages and leucocytes exhibit (a) Ciliary movement (b) Flagellar movement (c) Amoeboid movement (d) Gliding movementPreview
- Q10Which one of the following is not a disorder of bone? (a) Arthritis (b) Osteoporosis (c) Rickets (d) AtherosclerosisPreview
- Q11Which one of the following statement is incorrect? (a) Heart muscles are striated and involuntary (b) The muscles of hands and legs are stri…Preview
- Q12Which one of the following statements is true? (a) Head of humerus bone articulates with acetabulum of pectoral girdle. (b) Head of humerus…Preview
- Q13Muscles with characteristic striations and involuntary are (a) Muscles in the wall of alimentary canal (b) Muscles of the heart (c) Muscles…Preview
- Q14Match the followings and mark the correct option. Column I: A. Sternum; B. Glenoid Cavity; C. Freely movable joint; D. Cartilaginous joint.…Preview
- Q15Name the cells/tissues in human body which a. exhibit ameboid movement b. exhibit ciliary movementPreview
- Q16Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of muscular, _____, _______ systems.Preview
- Q17Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum refer to a particular type of cell in our body. Which is this cell and to what parts of th…Preview
- Q18The three tiny bones present in middle ear are called ear ossicles. Write them in correct sequence begining from ear drum.Preview
- Q19What is the difference between the matrix of bones and cartilage?Preview
- Q20Which tissue is afflicted by Myasthenia gravis? What is the underlying cause?Preview
- Q21How do our bone joints function without grinding noise and pain?Preview
- Q22Give the location of a ball and socket joint in a human body.Preview
- Q23Our fore arm is made of three different bones. Comment.Preview
- Q24With respect to rib cage, explain the following: a. Bicephalic ribs b. True ribs c. Floating ribsPreview
- Q25In old age, people often suffer from stiff and inflamed joints. What is this condition called? What are the possible reasons for these sympt…Preview
- Q26Exchange of calcium between bone and extracellular fluid takes place under the influence of certain hormones a. What will happen if more of…Preview
- Q27Name atleast two hormones which result in fluctuation of Ca++ level.Preview
- Q28Rahul exercises regularly by visiting a gymnasium. Of late he is gaining weight. What could be the reason? Choose the correct answer and ela…Preview
- Q29Radha was running on a treadmill at a great speed for 15 minutes continuously. She stopped the treadmill and abruptly came out. For the next…Preview
- Q30Write a few lines about Gout.Preview
- Q31What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?Preview
- Q32What are the points for articulation of Pelvic and Pectoral girdles?Preview
- Q33Calcium ion concentration in blood affects muscle contraction. Does it lead to tetany in certain cases? How will you correlate fluctuation i…Preview
- Q34An elderly woman slipped in the bathroom and had severe pain in her lower back. After X-ray examination doctors told her it is due to a slip…Preview
- Q35Explain sliding filament theory of muscle contraction with neat sketches.Preview
- Q36How does a muscle shorten during its contraction and return to its original form during relaxation?Preview
- Q37Discuss the role of Ca2+ ions in muscle contraction. Draw neat sketches to illustrate your answer.Preview
- Q38Differentiate between Pectoral and Pelvic girdle.Preview