Q.(i) What is the mass percent of carbon in carbon dioxide?

Mass Percentage: The Intuition

Imagine you're making lemonade. You mix 50 grams of sugar into 200 grams of water. The total drink weighs 250 grams. Now, if someone asks, "How much of this drink is actually sugar?" — you're not just saying "50 grams." You want to say what fraction of the whole mixture is sugar, scaled to a convenient 100.

That's mass percentage. It answers: "Out of every 100 grams of the mixture, how many grams are this particular component?"

In our lemonade, sugar is 50 g out of 250 g total. That's $\frac{50}{250} = 0.2$ of the whole. Multiply by 100 to get the percentage: $0.2 \times 100 = 20\%$. So, 20% of the drink's mass is sugar. If you had 100 g of this lemonade, 20 g of it would be sugar.

The Precise Definition

The formula is simple, but the key is understanding what "total mass" means. It's the sum of masses of all components in the mixture — nothing more, nothing less.

Why It Matters in Chemistry

Mass percentage is one of the most common ways to express concentration — how much of a substance is present in a mixture. You'll see it in:

• Solutions: "10% salt water" means 10 g of salt dissolved in enough water to make 100 g of solution (not 10 g salt + 100 g water — that would be 110 g total, giving only about 9.1%).
• Alloys: "18-karat gold" is 75% gold by mass (18 parts gold out of 24 total parts).
• Food labels: "Fat: 15%" means 15 g of fat per 100 g of the food.

Step-by-Step Example

Problem: A solution is made by dissolving 25 g of glucose in 175 g of water. Find the mass percentage of glucose.

Step 1: Identify the component you care about — glucose (25 g).

Step 2: Find the total mass of the mixture.

Step 3: Apply the formula.

$\text{Mass percentage of glucose} = \frac{25}{200} \times 100\% = 12.5\%$ …