Q.A student of Class XI, collected some specimens during the field trip conducted by the Science club. Help him to classify these animals to their respective phylum/class.
(Spongilla, Ctenoplasa, Laccifer, Calotes)

Statement (b) is incorrect because prawns excrete through green (antennal) glands, not malpighian tubules — malpighian tubules are the excretory organs of insects, a different class of arthropods.

Checking each option:

• (a) is a correct statement: ctenophores (comb jellies) move using rows of ciliated comb plates on their body surface — this is true (locomotion by comb plates/cilia).
• (b) is the incorrect statement: prawns are crustaceans, and crustacean excretion occurs through green glands (antennal glands) located at the base of the antennae, not malpighian tubules. Malpighian tubules are specific to insects (a different arthropod class) for excreting nitrogenous waste as uric acid.
• (c) is a correct statement: in Fasciola (liver fluke, a flatworm) and other platyhelminthes, flame cells (protonephridia) perform osmoregulation/excretion. …

Each phylum's defining feature: Porifera = pores (ostia), Annelida = segmentation, Arthropoda = jointed appendages, Mollusca = shell + mantle — giving the match 1D, 2A, 3C, 4B.

Matching each animal phylum to its hallmark feature:

• Porifera (sponges) — the body is perforated by numerous minute pores called ostia, through which water enters the spongocoel; hence D) Body perforated by pores called ostia.
• Annelida (segmented worms) — the body shows true metameric segmentation (repetition of similar segments/metameres along the body length); hence A) Metameric segmentation. …

Flame cells are the excretory cells characteristic of flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes), so Flame cell matches with Platyhelminthes.

Flame cells (also called protonephridia or solenocytes) are the primitive excretory structures found in organisms like Planaria (a free-living flatworm). Each flame cell has a tuft of cilia inside a hollow bulb that beats constantly, resembling a flickering flame, and creates a current that draws in fluid waste and drives it out throu …

Typhlosole is a dorsal, longitudinal fold projecting into the intestine that increases the surface area for digestion and absorption, a characteristic feature of the earthworm's alimentary canal.

In the earthworm (Pheretima/Lumbricus), the intestine (from about the 26th/27th segment onward) develops a prominent, ridge-like infolding of its dorsal wall projecting into the intestinal lumen — this is the typhlosole. By increasing the internal absorptive surface area without having to increase overall body/int …

The common cockroach studied in NCERT Biology is scientifically named Periplaneta americana, following the binomial nomenclature system (Genus + species).

In binomial nomenclature, every organism is given a two-part Latinised name: the first part is the Genus (capitalised), and the second is the species (lowercase), both italicised or underlined when handwritten. The cockroach commonly used as a representative …

The scientific (genus) name of prawn is Penaeus (e.g., Penaeus monodon, the giant tiger prawn).

Prawn is a crustacean belonging to phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, order Decapoda. It is commonly assigned to the genus Penaeus. A commonly cited full scientific (binomial) name for a widely farmed/consumed species is Penaeus monodon (the giant tiger prawn); other Penaeus s …