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Q.(i) Distinguish anionic detergents and cationic detergents with suitable examples.
(3)
(ii) Name any one antioxidant used in food materials. (1)
Kerala DhseKerala DHSE Plus Two Board 2022Subjective· 4mImportance★★★★★
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Anionic detergents have a negatively-charged (sulphonate/sulphate) hydrophilic head, cationic detergents have a positively-charged (quaternary ammonium) head; BHT is a widely used food antioxidant.
(i) Anionic vs cationic detergents:
- Anionic detergents: these are sodium salts of long-chain alkylbenzenesulphonic acids or long-chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates. The negatively charged (sulphonate/sulphate) part of the molecule is the part involved in the cleansing/surfactant action.
- Example: sodium lauryl sulphate, CH3(CH2)11-O-SO3⁻ Na⁺ (used in toothpastes and shampoos); sodium 4-(1-dodecyl)benzenesulphonate.
- Cationic detergents: these are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetate, chloride, or bromide anions. Here the positively charged (ammonium) part is the surfactant portion.
- Example: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, [CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3]⁺ Br⁻, used in hair conditioners and as a germicide (cationic detergents are generally more expensive and used more for their germicidal properties than for large-scale cleaning). …
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