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Q.Find the following integrals :

(a) ∫ x/((x+1)(x+2)) dx (3 marks)
(b) ∫₀^(π/2) sin⁴x/(sin⁴x + cos⁴x) dx (3 marks)
Kerala DhseKerala DHSE Plus Two Board 2022Subjective· 6mImportance★★★★★
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(a) Split the rational integrand into partial fractions. (b) Use the property ∫₀^a f(x)dx = ∫₀^a f(a−x)dx to pair the integral with its cosine counterpart.

(a) ∫x(x+1)(x+2) dx\displaystyle\int \dfrac{x}{(x+1)(x+2)}\,dx

Partial fractions: x(x+1)(x+2)=Ax+1+Bx+2\dfrac{x}{(x+1)(x+2)} = \dfrac{A}{x+1}+\dfrac{B}{x+2}, so x=A(x+2)+B(x+1)x = A(x+2)+B(x+1).

At x=−1x=-1: −1=A(1)⇒A=−1-1=A(1) \Rightarrow A=-1. At x=−2x=-2: −2=B(−1)⇒B=2-2=B(-1) \Rightarrow B=2.

So x(x+1)(x+2)=−1x+1+2x+2\dfrac{x}{(x+1)(x+2)} = \dfrac{-1}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{x+2}.

Integrating: ∫x(x+1)(x+2)dx=−ln⁡∣x+1∣+2ln⁡∣x+2∣+C\displaystyle\int\dfrac{x}{(x+1)(x+2)}dx = -\ln|x+1| + 2\ln|x+2| + C.

(b) I=∫0π/2sin⁡4xsin⁡4x+cos⁡4x dx\displaystyle I=\int_0^{\pi/2} \dfrac{\sin^4x}{\sin^4x+\cos^4x}\,dx

Use the property ∫0af(x)dx=∫0af(a−x)dx\int_0^a f(x)dx=\int_0^a f(a-x)dx with a=π/2a=\pi/2: replacing x→π/2−xx\to \pi/2-x swaps sin⁡x↔cos⁡x\sin x\leftrightarrow\cos x, giving

I=∫0π/2cos⁡4xcos⁡4x+sin⁡4x dx=JI = \displaystyle\int_0^{\pi/2}\dfrac{\cos^4x}{\cos^4x+\sin^4x}\,dx = J (say). …

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