Q.(a) State Lenz's law.
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Statement. Lenz's law, formulated by the German physicist Heinrich Lenz, gives the DIRECTION of an induced current (which Faraday's laws alone do not specify): the direction of the induced current is always such that it opposes the cause responsible for its production. If a changing flux is the cause and an induced current the effect, the induced current always acts, through the magnetic field it itself creates, to oppose that very flux change.
In the emf formula. Incorporating Lenz's law into Faraday's law supplies the standard minus sign, ε=−d(NΦB)/dt -- not a mathematical formality, but a literal encoding of the physical statement that the induced emf's polarity always opposes the flux change producing it.
Application technique. To find a direction: (i) determine whether the relevant flux is increasing or decreasing; (ii) the induced current flows in whichever sense creates its OWN magnetic field that opposes that particular change (reinforcing a decreasing flux, or counteracting an increasing one); (iii) apply the right-hand rule to that self-field to read off the current's actual direction around the loop. Equivalently, for a magnet approaching/receding a coil, the coil's near end becomes whichever pole (N or S) repels an approaching magnet or attracts a receding one. …
Lenz's law fixes the direction of an induced current from energy conservation, so applying it to a bar magnet approaching a loop tells us which way the induced current flows, and hence which capacitor plate ends up positively charged.
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Lenz's law fixes the direction of the induced current from energy conservation; applying it to the approaching bar magnet tells us which capacitor plate becomes positive.
- Lenz's law: The direction of an induced emf (and the induced current it drives) is always such as to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes it. This is a direct consequence of the conservation of energy — if the induced current instead aided the change, the system would run away and generate energy for free, which is impossible. Mathematically this is the reason for the minus sign in Faraday's law, ε=−dtdΦB.
- Applying it to the figure: As the bar magnet's N pole moves toward the loop, the flux through the loop due to the magnet, pointing away from the N pole and into the loop, is increasing. By Lenz's law, the induced current in the loop must oppose this increase — it must set up its own magnetic field that opposes the magnet's field inside the loop, i.e. it must make the face of the loop nearest the magnet behave like a north pole (so that it repels, and thereby opposes the approach of, the incoming N pole). Using the right-hand rule, the induced current in the loop must therefore circulate in the sense that makes that near face an N pole. …
Showing the 12 most recent of 26 on this concept.
- CBSE 2026Set V11 markQ.Lenz's law gives the __________ of induced emf. Fill in the blank choosing the appropriate answer from the bracket: (photons, diffraction, polarity, monopoles, greater than unity, less than unity)
›Reveal solutionSolution
direction (polarity) …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Lenz's law obeys the conservation law of ______.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law says the induced effects always oppose the cause producing them, which is required so that work must be done against the induced opposition - i.e. energy is conserved, never created for free.
If the induced current instead aided the change in flux (rather than opposing it), the change would accelerate itself, and the system could generate energy from nothing, violating the law of conservation of energy. Because the induced current opposes the very change that produces it (Lenz's law), extern …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Which law determines the direction of an induced current?
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law gives the direction of induced current: it always opposes the very change that causes it (a statement of energy conservation).
Faraday's law gives the MAGNITUDE of the induced emf (emf = -dphi/dt), but it is Lenz's law that fixes its DIRECTION. Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced current is always such as to OPPOSE the change in magnetic flux that induces it - for example, if flux through a loop is increasing, the induced current flows so as to create its own magnetic field opposing that increase. This is …
- CBSE 2025Set 55/6/11 markMCQQ.A vertically held bar magnet is dropped along the axis of a copper ring having a cut as shown in the diagram. The acceleration of the falling magnet is: (A) zero (B) less than g (C) g (D) greater than g
›Reveal solutionSolution
Figure — 55/6/1 Q7 Because the copper ring has a cut (it is not a closed loop), no induced current can flow. Without induced current, there is no magnetic braking force, so the magnet falls with acceleration g.
The key idea here is Lenz’s law and what it requires. Lenz’s law says that an induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change causing it. That opposition creates a retarding force on a moving magnet — but only if the current can actually flow. A cut in the ring breaks the conducting path, so no current circulates. No current means no opposing magnetic field, and therefore no upward force on the falling magnet.
Many students memorise that a magnet falling through a copper ring slows down, but they forget the ring must be a closed loop. An open ring is just a curved piece of metal — it cannot sustain a current.
Let’s walk through it step by step.
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What happens when a magnet moves near a conductor?
A changing magnetic flux through a conducting loop induces an emf (Faraday’s law). If the loop is closed, this emf drives a current. That current produces its own magnetic field, which opposes the motion of the magnet (Lenz’s law). The result is a retarding force, so the magnet falls with acceleration less than g.
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What is different here?
The copper ring has a cut — it is not a closed loop. An emf is still induced across the gap (a potential difference appears), but without a complete conducting path, no current can flow.
Watch outA common mistake is to think that an induced emf automatically means a retarding force. It does not. Without current, there is no magnetic field from the ring, and therefore no force on the magnet. …
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- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ."The polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current in a direction which opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it" - This law is based on conservation of which physical quantity?(a) Mass(b) Charge(c) Energy(d) Momentum
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law is a statement of the law of conservation of energy applied to electromagnetic induction.
Lenz's law says the induced current opposes the change in flux that produces it. If the induced current instead aided the change, the flux (and hence the current and the force on the source) would grow without any external work being done — creating energy from nothing. Because the induced current opposes the change, external work must be done again …
- CBSE 2025Set IMPROVEMENT1 markQ.
What will be the direction of the induced current in the situation shown in the following figure?›Reveal solutionSolution
Using Lenz's law, the induced current opposes the approaching magnet by making the near face of the coil repel it.
In the figure, the bar magnet's S-pole faces the coil and the magnet is moving towards the coil, so the magnetic flux linked with the coil (directed towards the approaching S-pole) is increasing. By Faraday's law, an emf is induced in the coil, and by Lenz's law the induced current must flow in a direction that opposes this increase in flux — i.e. it must oppose the relative approach of the magnet and the coil.
This means the induced current must make the face of the coil nearer the magnet behave like an S-pole as well, since like poles (S facing S) repel each other, opposing the magnet's approach (equivalently, this can be seen as the induced current creating a magnetic moment that opposes the increasing flux through the coil, consistent with the negative sign in ε=−dtdϕ).
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- CBSE 2025Set D1 markMCQQ.Which of the following laws is based on the principle of energy-conservation? (A) Ampere's law (B) Faraday's law of electrolysis (C) Lenz's law (D) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law fixes the direction of the induced current so it opposes the flux change; this opposition is exactly what energy conservation demands.
Lenz's law states that the induced e.m.f./current always opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. If the induced current instead aided the change, the flux would grow without any external work, creating energy from nothing — a violation of the conservation of energy.
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- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Lenz's law is based on conservation of physical quantity(a) momentum(b) angular momentum(c) energy(d) charge
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law fixes the direction of induced current so that it opposes its own cause; if it did not, the induced current would help the change along and energy could be created from nothing, violating energy conservation.
Lenz's law states that the direction of an induced EMF (and induced current) is always such as to oppose the change in magnetic flux that produces it. If the induced current instead aided the change, the flux (and hence the current) would keep increasing without any external work being done — creating energy from nothing. Since this is f …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.A magnet is brought towards a coil as shown in the adjoining figure. In which direction will the induced current be?
›Reveal solutionSolution
The approaching south pole increases the flux linked with the coil; by Lenz's law the induced current opposes this by making the near face of the coil itself a south pole, repelling the magnet.
As the bar magnet's S pole moves toward the coil, the magnetic flux (directed into the S pole's field lines, i.e. towards the magnet) through the coil increases. By Lenz's law, the induced current must flow in a direction that opposes this increase — i.e. it must create a magnetic field that repels the approaching magnet. Since the approaching pole is South, the coil's near face must become a South pole too (like poles repel), so as to push back against the magnet's motion and oppose the flux increase.
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- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Which of the following gives the polarity of the induced emf?(i) Biot-Savart Law(ii) Lenz's Law(iii) Ampere's circuital Law(iv) Fleming's right-hand Rule
›Reveal solutionSolution
Lenz's law gives the direction (polarity) of an induced emf: it always opposes the change in flux that produces it.
Faraday's law gives the magnitude of the induced emf, ∣ε∣=NdtdΦB, but by itself does not fix its sign/direction. Lenz's law supplies that: the induced current flows in the direction such that the magnetic field it creates opposes the change in flux causing it — this is expressed by the minus sign in ε=−NdtdΦB, and is a consequence of the conservation of energy.
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- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Which principle is obeyed by Lenz's law?
›Reveal solutionSolution
The induced current always opposes the change that produces it, which is exactly what conservation of energy demands.
Lenz's law states that the direction of an induced emf/current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. If it instead aided the change, the induced current would reinforce the flux change, drawing more current, more force, indefinitely — creating energy from nothing. Because the induced effect always opposes the cause, external work must be done against this opposition to sustain the …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.A current starts flowing from A to B as shown in the figure : The direction of the induced current in the loop is :(a) Clockwise(b) Anticlockwise(c) No current is induced(d) Dependent on the radius of the loop
›Reveal solutionSolution
As the current in the straight wire builds up, the into-the-page flux it creates through the nearby loop increases; by Lenz's law the induced current opposes this increase, so it flows anticlockwise.
The current in the straight wire flows from A (left) to B (right). Using the right-hand thumb rule, at the location of the loop (just below the wire) this current produces a magnetic field directed into the page.
As the current in the wire starts flowing (i.e. grows from zero), the flux through the loop, directed into the page, is increasing with time.
By Lenz's law, the induced current in the loop must oppose this increase, i.e. it must create its own magnetic field out of the page inside the loop.
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