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Information Technology · Class 11 Commerce

Ch 2Introduction to DBMS — Class 11 Information Technology, concept-first.

Every business runs on facts. The name of a customer, the price of a product, the quantity sold on a particular date, the roll number of a student, the balance in a bank account — all of these are examples of data.

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Concepts

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Key concepts

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Data, Information and Database

Data are raw facts and figures; when data is processed and organised so that it becomes meaningful for decisions, it becomes information.

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

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Data, Information and the Need for a Database

Every business runs on facts. The name of a customer, the price of a product, the quantity sold on a particular date, the roll number of a student, the balance in a bank account — all of these are exa…

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Database Management System (DBMS)

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that lets users create, store, organise, retrieve, update and manage the data in a database.

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File System vs DBMS — Advantages of a DBMS

To appreciate why a DBMS is used, it helps to see the problems of the older file-based (traditional file) system, in which each application program kept its own separate data files.

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Database Models

A database model describes the logical structure of a database — that is, the way the data is organised and how different pieces of data are related to one another.

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Relational Terminology — Tables, Records and Fields

In a relational database, data is stored in tables. It is worth learning the exact vocabulary, because these words are used constantly:

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Keys in a Relational Database

A key is a field (or a combination of fields) used to identify records in a table and to link tables together.

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Introduction to SQL — CREATE, INSERT and SELECT

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language used to create and work with data in a relational database.

Exercises

+Show 10 questions10 questions
  1. Q1Distinguish between data and information, giving one example of each.Free
  2. Q2What is a DBMS? State any four functions performed by a DBMS.Free
  3. Q3Explain any four advantages of a DBMS over the traditional file-based system.Free
  4. Q4Define the following relational terms: (i) Table (ii) Field (iii) Record.Preview
  5. Q5State whether the following statement is True or False and justify: 'The relational model organises data into tables of rows and columns.'Preview
  6. Q6What is a primary key? Why must its value be unique and not left blank?Preview
  7. Q7Explain the difference between a primary key and a foreign key with a suitable example.Preview
  8. Q8Multiple choice: A field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table is called a ______. (a) foreign key (b) pr…Preview
  9. Q12Name and briefly describe any two database models other than the relational model.Preview
  10. Q13What is a composite key? When is it needed? Give an example.Preview

More questions

+Show 3 questions3 questions
  1. Example 9Write an SQL statement to create a table named 'Student' with the fields RollNo (whole number, primary key), Name (text up to 50 characters)…Free
  2. Example 10Write SQL statements to insert two records into the Student table: (i) RollNo 1, Name 'Aarti Deshpande', Class 'XI-A', Marks 78; (ii) RollNo…Preview
  3. Example 11Write an SQL query to display the Name and Marks of all students who belong to class 'XI-A' from the Student table.Preview