Q.Name the two cell organelles also known as semi-autonomous particles.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Mitochondria and chloroplasts are called semi-autonomous organelles because they carry their own DNA and ribosomes and can grow/divide somewhat on their own, though they still depend on the nucleus for most of their proteins.
Most cell organelles are entirely dependent on the nucleus and cytoplasmic ribosomes for all their proteins and are formed by division of pre-existing organelles under complete cellular/nuclear control. Mitochondria and chloroplasts, however, are unusual: each possesses its own small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule and its own set of 70S ribosomes (similar to bacterial ribosomes), enabling them to synthesise a limited number of their own structural and enzymatic proteins and to replicate their DNA and divide by a process resembling binary fission, largely independent of the timing of nuclear (cell) division. Because they are not fully self-sufficient — the majority of their proteins are still encoded by nuclear genes, synthesised in the cytoplasm, and imported into the organelle — they are desc …
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