Discuss the merits and demerits of external sources of recruitment. OR Explain any four benefits of training t

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Q. Discuss the merits and demerits of external sources of recruitment.

(OR)

Explain any four benefits of training towards the organisation and any four towards the employees.

Manipur CohsemCOHSEM Manipur Higher Secondary Board (Commerce) 2026Subjective· 8mImportance★★★★★

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Concept understanding — External Recruitment

Let’s start with something you already know. When a cricket team needs a new player, they can either promote someone from the junior squad (internal) or go out and scout a player from another team or a local tournament (external). That second option — looking outside the existing team — is exactly what external recruitment means in an organisation.

What is External Recruitment?

External recruitment is the process of filling a job vacancy by hiring someone who is not currently employed by the organisation. Instead of promoting or transferring an existing employee, the company looks for candidates from outside — fresh graduates, experienced professionals from other firms, or even people from different industries altogether.

The NCERT Class 12 Business Studies textbook defines it clearly: “External recruitment refers to the process of searching for and hiring employees from outside the organisation.” The key word is outside — the candidate has no prior employment relationship with the company.

Why do companies use it?

No organisation is a closed system. Over time, every company needs fresh ideas, new skills, or simply a larger pool of talent than what exists internally. External recruitment brings in people who have worked in different environments, learned different methods, and can challenge the status quo. It also becomes necessary when the organisation is expanding rapidly and there simply aren’t enough internal candidates ready for the new roles.

Common sources of external recruitment

Companies use several channels to reach outside candidates. Here are the ones you’ll find in your syllabus:

Direct recruitment – The company puts up a notice outside the factory gate or office. This is common for unskilled or semi-skilled workers.
Campus placements – Companies visit colleges and universities to hire fresh graduates. This is a major source for entry-level professional roles.
Employment exchanges – Government-run exchanges that register job seekers and refer them to employers. This is more relevant for blue-collar and clerical jobs.
Advertisements – Newspapers, job portals (like Naukri.com), or company websites. This reaches a wide audience and is used for almost all levels.
Placement agencies – Private firms that specialise in finding candidates for a fee. Executive search firms (headhunters) are used for senior positions.
Casual callers – People who walk into the HR office on their own initiative. Their applications are kept on file for future openings.
Recommendations – Existing employees refer friends or former colleagues. This is quick and often yields reliable candidates.

Note

External recruitment is not better or worse than internal recruitment — it serves a different purpose. Internal recruitment builds loyalty and is cheaper, but external recruitment brings in new talent and fresh perspectives. Most organisations use a mix of both.

Advantages and disadvantages (as per NCERT)

Advantages:

Wider choice – The organisation can select from a large pool of candidates with diverse backgrounds.
Fresh talent – New employees bring new ideas, skills, and approaches that can improve performance.
Qualified personnel – If the organisation needs specialised skills that existing employees lack, external recruitment is the only option. …

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External recruitment brings fresh talent and a wider pool of candidates but is costlier, slower and can discourage existing staff who expected internal promotion. (OR: training benefits both the organisation and the employees in several distinct ways.)

Merits of external sources of recruitment

Qualified/fresh personnel: External recruitment opens up the entire labour market, giving access to more qualified and fresh talent with new perspectives.
Wider choice: A much larger pool of candidates is available to choose from compared to limited internal candidates.
New skills/ideas brought in: Outsiders bring new ideas, fresh thinking and different experience that can benefit the organisation.
Competitive spirit: Since outsiders are also considered, existing employees are kept alert and competitive rather than complacent about guaranteed promotion.

Demerits of external sources of recruitment

Costly and time-consuming: Advertising, screening and processing candidates from the open market involves significant cost and time.
Lowers morale of existing employees: Employees who expected a vacancy to be filled through internal promotion may feel demotivated, and attrition of good internal talent can increase.
Lengthy induction period: New hires need time to understand the organisation's culture, systems and procedures, delaying their full productivity.
Risk of wrong selection: Since the candidate is unknown, there is a higher chance of mis-fit or mismatch compared to an internally known employee. …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Write answer in one word/sentence: What is called the recruitment in Academic Institutions?$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Recruitment in academic institutions is campus recruitment.

Campus recruitment is an external source in which organisations visit colleges, universities and technical/management institutes to recruit students for jobs, conducting tests and interviews on campus. It is a convenient way to hire qualified young talent for en …

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CBSE 2025Set 66/4/11 markMCQ
$Q.'Dhruv Ltd.' is in need of two drivers on regular basis to transport the goods to different states. To fill the post of drivers, the company decides to put the information on the Notice Board, placed near the main gate of the company, asking interested persons to meet the manager on a particular date and time. From the following, identify the source of recruitment used by 'Dhruv Ltd.' for filling the post of drivers : (A) Campus Recruitment (B) Casual Callers (C) Direct Recruitment (D) Advertisement$
›Reveal solutionSolution
Dhruv Ltd. is using Direct Recruitment by placing a notice on its notice board to hire drivers, a common method for semi-skilled positions.

Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisation. When an organisation looks outside its existing workforce to fill vacant positions, it is engaging in external recruitment. This approach brings in new talent, fresh perspectives, and a wider pool of candidates. Dhruv Ltd. is seeking two drivers, which are typically semi-skilled positions, and has chosen a specific external source for this purpose.

Let us examine the method Dhruv Ltd. has chosen: placing information on a notice board near the main gate, inviting interested individuals to meet the manager. This approach is a direct appeal to potential candidates who might be passing by or specifically looking for work in the vicinity.

Now, let's consider the given options:

(A) Campus Recruitment: This method involves visiting educational institutions like colleges and universities to recruit fresh graduates for various jobs. It is typically used for managerial, technical, or professional positions requiring specific academic qualifications. Dhruv Ltd. is looking for drivers, not fresh graduates from a campus, and is not visiting any educational institution. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

(B) Casual Callers: This refers to unsolicited applications received by an organisation. Many companies maintain a database of such applications, which can be a good source for filling vacancies as and when they arise. However, in Dhruv Ltd.'s case, the company is actively putting up a notice to invite applications, rather than simply relying on individuals who happen to walk in or send their resumes without prior invitation. Thus, this option does not fit the description.

(C) Direct Recruitment: This is a method where a notice is placed on the notice board of the enterprise or factory, specifying the details of the jobs available. This source is particularly suitable for filling casual vacancies of unskilled or semi-skilled jobs, or where a large number of workers are needed at short notice. The selection is often done on the spot. The scenario perfectly matches this description: Dhruv Ltd. needs drivers (semi-skilled), is using a notice board near its main gate, and is asking interested persons to meet the manager, implying a direct and immediate recruitment process. …
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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Fill in the blank: Recruitment is a ______ step.$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Recruitment is a positive step in staffing.

Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and encouraging them to apply, which increases the number of applicants. Because it aims to attract and add candidates, it is called a positive process. B …

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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Fill in the blank: Employment exchange is an ________ source of recruitment.$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Employment exchange is an external source of recruitment.

Employment exchanges are government offices that register job-seekers and refer suitable candidates to employers who notify vacancies. Since the candidates come from outside the organisation, an employment exchan …

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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Recruitment of civil engineers from an engineering college is an example of$
(a) direct recruitment
(b) campus recruitment
(c) promotions
(d) advertisements
›Reveal solutionSolution

Recruiting civil engineers from an engineering college is campus recruitment, an external source of recruitment.

External sources of recruitment bring in people from outside the organisation and include direct recruitment at the factory gate, advertisements, employment exchanges, placement agencies, employee referrals, labour contractors, and campus recruitment. Campus recruitment specifically means visiting colleges, universities and institutes to recruit students who are about to complete or have recently completed the …

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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Which source of recruitment invites fresh and new talent to the organization?$
›Reveal solutionSolution

External recruitment brings new, outside talent into the organisation, unlike internal sources which only reshuffle existing staff.

Recruitment sources are divided into internal (promotion, transfer from within the existing workforce) and external (hiring people who are not already employed by the organisation — through advertisements, employment exchanges, campus recruitment, placement agencies, etc.). Because external recruitment draws from the wider labour market rather than the existing sta …

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CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Which of the following is an external source of recruitment? (A) Transfer (B) Promotion (C) Employment exchange (D) Service extension$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Employment exchange supplies candidates from outside the firm, so it is an external source; transfer, promotion and service extension are internal.

Sources of recruitment are of two kinds. Internal sources fill vacancies from within the organisation — transfer (shifting an employee to another post), promotion (upgrading an existing employee) and service extension (retaining an employee beyond retirement). External sources bring in fresh candidates from outside, such as employment exchanges, advertisements, camp …

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CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Which of the following is the least expensive method of recruitment?$
(a) Walk-in-interview
(b) Campus Placement
(c) Employment Exchange
(d) All of these
›Reveal solutionSolution

Employment exchange is the least expensive recruitment method here.

Employment exchanges are government agencies that register job-seekers and vacancies and match them, generally at no cost to the employer. Walk-in interviews and campus placement involve advertising, travel and organising expenses. Hence, among the o …

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CBSE 2020Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Write True or False: "Campus recruitment" is the internal source of recruitment.$
(a) True
(b) False
›Reveal solutionSolution

False; campus recruitment is an external source.

Internal sources (transfers, promotions) fill vacancies from existing employees. Campus recruitment means hiring students directly from colleges and institutes — people from outside the organisation — so it is …

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Q.Discuss the merits and demerits of external sources of recruitment.

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