Q.Why is human development considered a broader term as compared to human capital? Explain.

On-the-job training is one of the key sources of human capital formation, in which workers build up their productive skills and expertise through direct, hands-on experience of doing the job itself, typically on the employer's premises and often at the employer's expense.

Unlike formal classroom-based vocational training, on-the-job training takes place in the actual working environment -- a new or existing employee works alongside experienced staff, uses the real equipment/processes of the firm, and gradually masters the specific skills, procedures and conduct required for the job. It can take various forms, such as direct supervision/mentoring, job rotation, or apprenticeship-style learning. Because it raises workers' productivity, employers often bear part or all of the cost of such training, viewing it as an investment analogous to physical capital investment -- it improves the stock of human capital of the labour f …

Agriculture (and allied activities) — the single largest employer of men and women in India.

Despite its declining share in GDP, agriculture and allied activities (crop farming, animal husbandry, fisheries) continues to be the single largest source of employment/livelihood for both men and women in India, especially in rural areas, where a large majority of the workforce — including a very high proportion of working women — is engaged in it, mostly as self …

NREGA was enacted (passed into law) in 2005, guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households; it began to be implemented in districts from February 2006 and was renamed MGNREGA in 2009.

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is one of India's major employment-generation programmes aimed at reducing rural unemployment and underemployment (including the disguised unemployment common in Indian agriculture). It legally guarantees at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work, with the dual aims of providing an income safety net and creating durable rural assets (roads, water conservation works, etc.).

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The government’s special poverty removal programmes are designed to reduce unemployment, and they do so by generating employment directly or indirectly — so both statements are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

The NREP was launched in October 1980 to provide supplementary wage employment to the rural unemployed/underemployed while creating durable rural assets.

The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was started by the Government of India on 2 October 1980, financed on a 50:50 cost-sharing basis between the Centre and the states. Its twin objectives were generating additional gainful employment for the unemployed and underemployed in rural areas, and creating durable community assets (roads, ir …