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Q.Find the integral ∫e2x−1e2x+1 dx\int \dfrac{e^{2x} - 1}{e^{2x} + 1}\, dx.

Manipur CohsemCOHSEM Manipur Higher Secondary Board 2023Subjective· 2mImportance★★★★★
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Divide numerator and denominator by exe^x to write the integrand as u′u\dfrac{u'}{u} where u=ex+e−xu=e^x+e^{-x}, then integrate directly.

I=∫e2x−1e2x+1 dxI = \int \frac{e^{2x}-1}{e^{2x}+1}\,dx

Divide numerator and denominator by exe^x:

I=∫ex−e−xex+e−x dxI = \int \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-x}}\,dx

Let u=ex+e−xu = e^x + e^{-x}. Then:

dudx=ex−e−x\frac{du}{dx} = e^x - e^{-x}

So the numerator is exactly dudx\dfrac{du}{dx}, and:

I=∫duu=ln⁡∣u∣+c=ln⁡(ex+e−x)+cI = \int \frac{du}{u} = \ln|u| + c = \ln(e^x+e^{-x}) + c

This can also be written by factoring out exe^x: ex+e−x=e2x+1exe^x+e^{-x} = \dfrac{e^{2x}+1}{e^x}, so

I=ln⁡(e2x+1)−ln⁡(ex)+c=ln⁡(e2x+1)−x+cI = \ln(e^{2x}+1) - \ln(e^x) + c = \ln(e^{2x}+1) - x + c

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