Q.Write the composition of mammalian blood. What are the main functions of different blood cells.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Blood = plasma (the fluid matrix, ~55%) + formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets, ~45%), each formed element performing a distinct function.
Blood is a special fluid connective tissue that circulates through the body, made up of:
Plasma (about 55% of blood volume) — a straw-coloured fluid, about 90-92% water, carrying dissolved proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen), glucose, amino acids, lipids, hormones, and salts. Plasma without its clotting factors (like fibrinogen) is called serum.
Formed elements (about 45% of blood volume):
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Red blood cells (RBCs / erythrocytes) — the most numerous blood cells, biconcave and (in mammals) without a nucleus, packed with the pigment haemoglobin. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues, and to help transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
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White blood cells (WBCs / leukocytes) — nucleated, colourless cells that form the body's immune defence system. They are of five types:
- Neutrophils — the most abundant WBC; phagocytose (engulf) bacteria and other pathogens.
- Eosinophils — resist infections and are involved in allergic reactions.
- Basophils — release histamine, serotonin, and heparin; involved in inflammatory reactions.
- Monocytes — the largest WBCs; become macrophages that phagocytose pathogens and debris. …
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