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Q.OR — Explain the modern techniques of managerial control.

Meghalaya MboseMBOSE Meghalaya Intermediate Board (Commerce) 2021Subjective· 6mImportance★★★★★est
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Modern managerial control goes beyond simple comparison of actual-vs-budget — it uses techniques like ROI, ratio analysis, responsibility accounting, management audit, PERT/CPM, and MIS to control performance in a more analytical, forward-looking way.

  1. Return on Investment (ROI): Measures how efficiently a firm (or a unit within it) is using its capital, by relating the profit earned to the investment made — a widely used overall measure of managerial performance.

  2. Ratio analysis: Expresses relationships between different figures in the financial statements (e.g. liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, solvency ratios) to help assess and control a firm's financial health over time.

  3. Responsibility accounting: A system of accounting where performance is recorded and evaluated separately for each responsibility centre (cost, revenue, profit or investment centre) within the organisation, pinning accountability clearly on each manager.

  4. Management audit: A systematic, independent appraisal of the overall quality of management — its policies, structure, functions, and decision-making — to spot weaknesses and suggest improvements.

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