Q.Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced under the leadership of

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was Mao Zedong's campaign — option (a).

As covered in the comparative development chapter on China's economic reforms, China, under the Communist Party, pursued a Great Leap Forward (1958) and subsequently the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), launched by Chairman Mao Zedong. It was aimed at purging the party and society of elements considered "bourgeois" or counter-revolutionary, reinforcing collective farming and industry (communes), and reasserting Mao's own ideological authority — mobilising students and youth (Red Guards) against perceived capitalist-roaders within the p …

Only option (a), Great Leap Forward : 1958, is a correctly matched pair.

1. The Great Leap Forward was China's campaign (1958 onward) to rapidly boost industrial and agricultural output through mass mobilisation and the commune system — correctly dated to 1958.
2. The one-child norm was a Chinese population-control policy (not Pakistan's), so this pairing is wrong.
3. The commune system in China was primarily an agricultural organisational structure (collective farming), not an industrial one, so pairing it with "Industries" is incorrect. …

The Great Leap Forward (1958) was China's campaign specifically aimed at rapid industrialisation; the Cultural Revolution (1965) was a political/social movement, not an industrialisation drive.

China's development strategy after 1949 went through distinct phases. The Great Leap Forward, launched in 1958, was an economic campaign that aimed at rapid industrialisation of the country using methods such as the mass mobilisation of labour, backyard steel furnaces, and large-scale collectivisation of agriculture into communes — all explicitly intended to catapult China's industrial output upward quickly. In contrast, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (from 1965/1966) was primarily a political and ideological movement aime …

The movement between 1966–76 in which Mao sent professionals and students to the countryside to learn from peasants was the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.