Q.The carbon atom attached to halogen in haloalkane is –

Reactions (a) Wurtz, (b) Fittig and (d) Hunsdiecker are correctly named; (c) is wrong because AgF-mediated conversion of an alkyl bromide to fluoride is the Swarts reaction, not Schotten-Baumann. Correct answer (the mismatched one) = (c).

Checking each match:

• (a) 2CH3Br + 2Na -> C2H6 + 2NaBr: coupling of alkyl halides by Na - Wurtz reaction. Correct.
• (b) 2C6H5Br + 2Na -> C6H5-C6H5 + 2NaBr: coupling of aryl halides by Na - Fittig reaction. Correct.
• (c) CH3Br + AgF -> CH3F + AgBr: replacement of a heavier halogen by fluorine using a metal fluoride is the Swarts reaction, NOT Schotten-Baumann (which is the benzoylation of amines/alcohols with benzoyl chloride and base). Mismatched. …

In a haloalkane, the carbon bonded to the halogen forms four single (sigma) bonds, so it is sp³ hybridised.

A haloalkane (alkyl halide) has the general structure R–X, where the carbon attached to the halogen X is bonded to the halogen and to three other atoms/groups (H or C) by four single bonds arranged tetrahedrally. Four sigma bonds around a carbon require four equivalent hybrid orbitals, which arise from sp³ hybridisation (bond angle ≈ 109.5°).

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