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Q.Explain any three types of chromosomes based on the position of centromere with the help of a diagram.
Nagaland NbseNagaland Board of School Education (Class XI) 2021Subjective· 3mImportance★★★★★
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Based on where the centromere sits, chromosomes are classed as metacentric, sub-metacentric, acrocentric, or telocentric; any three of these may be described.
The position of the centromere on a chromosome divides it into two arms and is used to classify chromosomes into four types; three of them are:
- Metacentric chromosome — the centromere is located exactly in the middle, so the chromosome has two arms of equal length. When it moves during cell division, it appears V-shaped.
- Sub-metacentric chromosome — the centromere is slightly away from the middle, giving one slightly longer arm and one slightly shorter arm. It appears L-shaped during movement.
- Acrocentric chromosome — the centromere is situated very close to one end, so one arm is very short and the other is very long. It appears J-shaped during movement.
(A fourth type, the telocentric chromosome, has the centromere right at the very end, giving it effectively a single arm and a rod-like/I shape during movement.)
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