Physical Education · Class 12 Optional
Ch 9Psychology and Sports — Class 12 Physical Education, concept-first.
Why would a talented young cricketer, footballer or athlete walk away from the game after just one or two disappointing seasons — even when the skill is clearly there? News reports on Indian sport have repeatedly pointed to the same answer: what is missing is often not ability but the mental side of performance.
Key concepts
Hover a concept to preview it and jump to its most relevant Q&A.
Educational Assessment Concepts
Think about the last time you learned something new — maybe how to prepare a cash flow statement or analyse a market trend.
Most relevant Q&A
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Psychology and Sports — Unit Overview
Why would a talented young cricketer, footballer or athlete walk away from the game after just one or two disappointing seasons — even when the skill is clearly there? News reports on Indian sport hav…
+−intro — Discussion Question1 question
Personality: Concept and Definitions
3 QWhen we try to explain why some sportspeople succeed against all odds, we reach for words like determined, persistent, courageous, dynamic and robust.
+−9.1 — Multiple Choice Questions2 questions
+−9.1 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Personality Types
A personality type is a psychological classification of different kinds of people. Types are different from traits: a type sorts people into distinct categories, while traits are characteristics that…
+−9.1.1 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Jung's Classification of Personality Types
2 QCarl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, was for five years a close follower of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis.
+−9.1.2 — Multiple Choice Questions1 question
+−9.1.2 — Long Answer Questions1 question
Big Five Theory of Personality
2 QAnother important trait approach is the Big Five Factor model, offered by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae.
+−9.1.3 — Short Answer Questions1 question
+−9.1.3 — Long Answer Questions1 question
Motivation
Return for a moment to the question of drop-outs. Why do some athletes keep playing through pain, hard training, injury and academic pressure, while other equally talented players stop after a few ear…
+−9.2 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
5 QIntrinsic Motivation. The word intrinsic comes from the French intrinseque, meaning inward. Intrinsic (internal) motivation drives a person from within to naturally pursue actions that bring fun, plea…
+−9.2.1 — Multiple Choice Questions3 questions
- Q1Motivation that drives individuals to naturally pursue actions that provide fun, joy, pleasure or challenge is called: a. Extrinsic Motivati…Free
- Q2Motivation through reward or praise is known as: a. Intrinsic Motivation b. Extrinsic Motivation c. Pedagogical Motivation d. Facilitation M…Preview
- Q3Which of the following is NOT a feature of Intrinsic Motivation? a. goals b. feedback c. needs d. attitudesPreview
+−9.2.1 — Short Answer Questions1 question
+−9.2.1 — Extension Activity1 question
Motivation Techniques
2 QMotivation is the process by which a learner's inner energies and needs are directed towards goals in the environment — the driving force that increases the desire to perform better.
+−9.2.2 — Short Answer Questions1 question
+−9.2.2 — Long Answer Questions1 question
Motivation and Sports
Motivation is understood as the guiding force that initiates, guides and maintains the behaviour needed for sport participation and performance — yet keeping athletes motivated remains a genuinely cha…
+−9.2.3 — Long Answer Questions1 question
Exercise Adherence
“If exercise could be packed into a pill, it would be the single most widely prescribed and beneficial medicine in the nation.” — Dr Robert Butler, former Director, National Institute on Aging.
Reason to Exercise
Reasons to exercise (or exercise determinants) point to the motives that lead a person to take up and adopt exercise as part of their lifestyle.
+−9.3.1 — Long Answer Questions1 question
Benefits of Exercise
4 QRegular exercise brings a wide range of benefits — physical, mental, social and psychological. The main benefits are:
+−9.3.2 — Multiple Choice Questions2 questions
+−9.3.2 — Short Answer Questions2 questions
Strategies for Enhancing Adherence to Exercise
2 QAlthough most people understand the importance of physical activity, many never begin exercising, and many who do start soon drop out.
+−9.4 — Multiple Choice Questions1 question
+−9.4 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Aggression
6 QIn everyday language the word aggression sounds purely negative, but in the world of sport and sport psychology it has a precise, technical meaning.
+−9.5 — Multiple Choice Questions3 questions
- Q1Given below are the two statements labelled Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Assertion (A): Aggression is part of human behaviour and is necess…Free
- Q2Which of the following is a legitimate behaviour? a. Hostile Aggression b. Instrumental Aggression c. Assertiveness d. Proactive AggressionPreview
- Q3Aggression is displayed in sports through ...: a. assertion of views b. use of abusive words c. walking away from the opponent d. strictly f…Preview
+−9.5 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Types of Aggression
3 QBuilding on Husman and Silva's (1984) framework, the CBSE Class 12 Physical Education textbook identifies two main types of aggression in sport — hostile aggression and instrumental aggression.
+−9.5.1 — Multiple Choice Questions1 question
+−9.5.1 — Short Answer Questions2 questions
Psychological Attributes in Sports
Sports scientists around the world have long studied the unique psychological attributes of successful athletes and elite sportspersons, trying to understand the factors that let athletes perform at t…
+−9.6 — Case Study Questions1 question
Self-Esteem
Self-esteem generally refers to a person's evaluation of, or attitude toward, himself or herself. It is centred on a belief in the self, respect for the self, and confidence in the self.
+−9.6.1 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Mental Imagery
Mental imagery is a psychological skill used widely in sport to enhance the performance of many motor skills.
+−9.5.2 — Multiple Choice Questions1 question
Self Talk
Every athlete, at some point, talks to themselves. Self-talk is defined as overt or covert personal dialogue in which the athlete interprets feelings, perceptions and convictions and gives himself ins…
+−9.5.3 — Short Answer Questions1 question
Goal Setting
Goal setting is a mental training technique used to increase a person's commitment towards achieving a specific standard of proficiency on a task within a specified time.
Summary
- Personality is the relatively stable and unique way an individual responds to others and situations. It is studied through type and trait approaches.
More questions
51 Q+−Show 48 questionsHide questions48 questions
- Q1What is sports psychology? Explain its importance in the field of sports and physical education.Free
- Q1According to Carl Jung's classification, a person whose psychic energy flows inward, who prefers solitude and thinks carefully before acting…Free
- Q1Define personality.Free
- Q1Explain any three dimensions of the Big Five (OCEAN) theory of personality with their relevance to sports.Preview
- Q1Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Aarav is an outgoing, talkative student who feels energised playing footbal…Preview
- Q1Describe all five dimensions of the Big Five (OCEAN) theory of personality and explain how each dimension is relevant to sports participatio…Preview
- Q2Define personality. Explain the classification of personality given by C. G. Jung.Preview
- Q2Most athletes do not fall at the extremes of Jung's typology but show characteristics of both introversion and extroversion depending on the…Preview
- Q2Who is an ambivert according to Jung's classification? State one reason why ambiverts may have an advantage in sports.Preview
- Q2Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on any three points (source, duration and risk), giving one sports example of each.Preview
- Q2Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Meera, a state-level shooter, performs well in practice but scores poorly i…Preview
- Q2What is motivation? Explain goal setting, positive reinforcement, feedback and creating a supportive environment as techniques of motivation…Preview
- Q3Explain the Big Five (OCEAN) theory of personality.Preview
- Q3In the Big Five (OCEAN) theory of personality, the letter 'N' stands for: (a) Narcissism (b) Neuroticism (c) Naturalness (d) NervousnessPreview
- Q3Define exercise adherence. How is it different from merely starting an exercise programme?Preview
- Q3Explain any three strategies that can be used to improve a person's adherence to an exercise programme.Preview
- Q3What is aggression in sports? Explain hostile aggression, instrumental aggression and assertive behaviour, bringing out the differences amon…Preview
- Q4Differentiate between an introvert and an extrovert personality with reference to sports participation.Preview
- Q4Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of the Big Five theory of personality? (a) Openness (b) Conscientiousness (c) Intro…Preview
- Q4What is meant by assertive behaviour in sports? Give one example.Preview
- Q4Differentiate between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression on the basis of goal, emotional state and relationship to the rules, wi…Preview
- Q4What is mental imagery? Differentiate between internal and external imagery, describe the steps an athlete should follow to practise imagery…Preview
- Q5What is motivation? Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation with suitable examples.Preview
- Q5A hockey player trains every morning purely for the joy and satisfaction she feels while playing, with no thought of rewards. Her motivation…Preview
- Q5What is self-talk? Distinguish between positive and negative self-talk with one example of each.Preview
- Q5Differentiate between internal and external imagery. State which perspective is more suitable for practising technique and which for correct…Preview
- Q6Explain any five techniques of motivation that a coach can use to improve the performance of athletes.Preview
- Q6A child who loved drawing for fun begins to draw less after being paid for every picture. This drop in intrinsic interest caused by over-use…Preview
- Q6Expand the acronym SMART in the context of goal setting in sports.Preview
- Q6What is self-esteem? Explain any two ways in which self-esteem is built in an athlete.Preview
- Q7What is exercise adherence? Explain the reasons why people take up exercise.Preview
- Q7Which type of goal focuses on the execution of a specific technique or action, rather than on any result? (a) an outcome goal, such as winni…Preview
- Q8Explain the physical, psychological and social benefits of regular exercise.Preview
- Q8Which of the following is most likely to sustain a person's exercise adherence over the long term? (a) fear of disease (b) enjoyment of the…Preview
- Q9Explain any five strategies for enhancing adherence to exercise.Preview
- Q9Reduced anxiety and improved mood resulting from regular exercise are examples of: (a) physical benefits (b) social benefits (c) psychologic…Preview
- Q10What is aggression in sports? Explain its meaning and concept.Preview
- Q10A footballer, angry at being repeatedly fouled, deliberately stamps on an opponent's ankle even though it serves no tactical purpose. This i…Preview
- Q11Differentiate between hostile aggression, instrumental aggression and assertive behaviour with examples from sports.Preview
- Q11A rugby player makes a hard but legal tackle to stop the opponent from scoring, feeling no anger and having no wish to injure. This is best…Preview
- Q12How does aggression affect the performance of a sportsperson? Can aggression be channelled positively in sports? Discuss.Preview
- Q12Which statement correctly describes assertive behaviour in sports? (a) It involves an intent to harm the opponent within the rules (b) It us…Preview
- Q13“Personality traits influence the choice of and performance in a sport.” Justify this statement with the help of suitable examples.Preview
- Q13An athlete who mentally rehearses a perfect serve as seen through her own eyes, feeling her muscles move and hearing her own breathing, is u…Preview
- Q14Explain how goal setting and reinforcement act as effective techniques of motivation in sports.Preview
- Q14In SMART goal setting, the letters 'S' and 'T' stand for: (a) Strong and Tough (b) Specific and Time-bound (c) Simple and Testable (d) Stand…Preview
- Q15An athlete whose sense of self-worth collapses after every loss, because it depends entirely on winning, is showing: (a) stable self-esteem…Preview
- Q15Explain self-esteem, mental imagery, self-talk and goal setting as psychological attributes that influence an athlete's performance.Preview