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Q.Write about the cause, symptoms and modes of transmission of Amoebiasis. OR

(a) Write any two points of difference between B-Lymphocytes and T-Lymphocytes.
(b) What are different causes of cancer?
Punjab PsebPSEB Punjab Class 12 Board 2018Subjective· 4mImportance★★★★★
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Amoebiasis is a protozoan gut infection (Entamoeba histolytica) spread through contaminated food/water, causing dysentery-like symptoms.

Causative agent: Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Mode of transmission: It spreads through the faeco-oral route — the infective cyst stage of the parasite, present in contaminated food and drinking water, is ingested. Houseflies act as mechanical carriers of the cysts, transferring them from faeces to exposed food, contributing to the spread of the disease, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Symptoms: Once ingested, the cysts release trophozoites in the intestine that invade the intestinal wall, causing:

  • Constipation
  • Abdominal pain and cramps …

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