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Q.Show that: tan^-1(1/3) + tan^-1(1/5) = (1/2) cos^-1(33/65).

Punjab PsebPSEB Punjab Class 12 Board 2017Subjective· 4mImportance★★★★★
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Combining the two inverse-tangent terms gives tan⁻¹(4/7); converting to cos⁻¹ form gives (1/2)cos⁻¹(33/65). Note: the source paper's printed denominator (35) does not match any valid interpretation of the identity — the correct, provable value is 65, so this is worked with that correction.

Using tan⁡−1x+tan⁡−1y=tan⁡−1 ⁣(x+y1−xy)\tan^{-1}x+\tan^{-1}y=\tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{x+y}{1-xy}\right) for xy<1xy<1, with x=13,y=15x=\dfrac13,y=\dfrac15:

x+y=13+15=815x+y = \dfrac13+\dfrac15=\dfrac{8}{15}, xy=115\quad xy=\dfrac{1}{15}, 1−xy=1415\quad 1-xy=\dfrac{14}{15}

tan⁡−113+tan⁡−115=tan⁡−1 ⁣(8/1514/15)=tan⁡−147\tan^{-1}\dfrac13+\tan^{-1}\dfrac15 = \tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{8/15}{14/15}\right) = \tan^{-1}\dfrac{4}{7}

Let θ=tan⁡−147\theta = \tan^{-1}\dfrac47, so tan⁡θ=47\tan\theta=\dfrac47. Using cos⁡2θ=1−tan⁡2θ1+tan⁡2θ\cos2\theta = \dfrac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta}:

cos⁡2θ=1−16/491+16/49=33/4965/49=3365\cos2\theta = \dfrac{1-16/49}{1+16/49} = \dfrac{33/49}{65/49} = \dfrac{33}{65}

So 2θ=cos⁡−133652\theta = \cos^{-1}\dfrac{33}{65}, i.e. θ=12cos⁡−13365\theta = \dfrac12\cos^{-1}\dfrac{33}{65}.

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