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Ch 5International Business — Class 12 Commerce, concept-first.

Economies across the world are going through a deep change in the way they make and sell goods and services. Nations that once chased the goal of self-reliance — trying to produce everything they needed on their own — now depend heavily on one another, both for buying and for supplying a wide range of products and serv…

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Key concepts

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Meaning and Scope of International Business

**International business** is any business activity that crosses national frontiers. People often equate it with **international trade** — the export and import of goods — but international business is a much wider idea.…

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Chapter contents

The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.

11.1

Introduction

Economies across the world are going through a deep change in the way they make and sell goods and services.

11.1.1

Meaning of International Business

Domestic vs. international business

11.1.2

Reason for International Business

The fundamental reason

11.1.3

International Business vs. Domestic Business

Conducting and managing international business is more complex than doing domestic business. Because political, social, cultural and economic environments vary across countries, firms find it hard to…

11.1.4

Scope of International Business

International business is much broader than international trade. It includes not just the export and import of goods and services, but a variety of other ways in which firms operate internationally.

11.1.5

Benefits of International Business

Despite its greater complexity and risk, international business matters to both nations and firms, offering several benefits.

11.2

Modes of Entry into International Business

The word "mode" simply means the manner or way of doing something. So the phrase "modes of entry into international business" refers to the various ways in which a company can enter international busi…

11.2.1

Exporting and Importing

Meaning

11.2.2

Contract Manufacturing

Meaning

11.2.3

Licensing and Franchising

Licensing

11.2.4

Joint Ventures

Meaning

11.2.5

Wholly Owned Subsidiaries

Meaning

11.3

Export-Import Procedures and Documentation

A major difference between domestic and international operations is the greater complexity of the latter. Exporting and importing goods is not as straightforward as buying and selling at home.

11.3.1

Export Procedure

The number of steps and their sequence can vary from one deal to another, but a typical export transaction involves the following steps.

11.3.2

Import Procedure

Import trade is the purchase of goods from a foreign country. The procedure varies from country to country depending on import and customs policies and other statutory requirements.

Key Terms

- International business — Business activities carried on across national frontiers, including trade, foreign investment and overseas production of goods and services.

Summary

- International business — International business refers to business activities carried on across national frontiers.

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