Economics · Class 11 Commerce
Ch 14Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues — Class 11 Economics, concept-first.
Work is central to human life, both for the individual and for society as a whole. People earn a living in many different settings — on farms, in factories, banks and shops — while others work from home.
Key concepts
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Casual Wage Labourer
Imagine you need some help for a day — moving furniture, painting a wall, or loading a truck. You find someone, pay them for that day's work, and that's it.
Most relevant Q&A
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Introduction
Work is central to human life, both for the individual and for society as a whole. People earn a living in many different settings — on farms, in factories, banks and shops — while others work from ho…
Workers and Employment
What is employment, and who is a worker?
Participation of People in Employment
The worker-population ratio
Self-Employed and Hired Workers
Why status of employment matters
Employment in Firms, Factories and Offices
The shift of labour across sectors
Growth and Changing Structure of Employment
Two indicators: employment growth and GDP growth
Informalisation of Indian Workforce
The deteriorating quality of employment
Unemployment
How the unemployed look for work
Government and Employment Generation
The government's role in creating jobs
Conclusion
The structure of India's workforce has clearly changed. Most newly emerging jobs are in the service sector, and the growth of that sector together with high technology now allows efficient small-scale…
Recap
Key points of the chapter
Exercises
+−Show 22 questionsHide questions22 questions
- Q1Who is a worker?Free
- Q2Define worker-population ratio.Free
- Q3Are the following workers — a beggar, a thief, a smuggler, a gambler? Why?Free
- Q4Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy or Milk Cooperative Society of your area (iv) a tu…Preview
- Q5The newly emerging jobs are found mostly in the ________ sector (service/manufacturing).Preview
- Q6An establishment with four hired workers is known as ________ (formal/informal) sector establishment.Preview
- Q7Raj is going to school. When he is not in school, you will find him working in his farm. Can you consider him as a worker? Why?Preview
- Q8Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why?Preview
- Q9Meena is a housewife. Besides taking care of household chores, she works in the cloth shop which is owned and operated by her husband. Can s…Preview
- Q10Find the odd man out (i) rickshaw puller who works under a rickshaw owner (ii) mason (iii) mechanic shop worker (iv) shoeshine boy.Preview
- Q11The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for the nature of workforce d…Preview
- Q12The following table shows the population and worker population ratio for India in 1999-2000. Can you estimate the workforce (urban and total…Preview
- Q13Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas?Preview
- Q14Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?Preview
- Q15Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.Preview
- Q16Compared to the 1970s, there has hardly been any change in the distribution of workforce across various industries. Comment.Preview
- Q17Do you think that during 1950-2010 employment generated in the country is commensurate with the growth of GDP in India? How?Preview
- Q18Is it necessary to generate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector? Why?Preview
- Q19Victor is able to get work only for two hours in a day. Rest of the day, he is looking for work. Is he unemployed? Why? What kind of jobs co…Preview
- Q20You are residing in a village. If you are asked to advice the village panchayat, what kinds of activities would you suggest for the improvem…Preview
- Q21Who is a casual wage labourer?Preview
- Q22How will you know whether a worker is working in the informal sector?Preview