Q.Fill in the places with appropriate word/words.
a. A phase of growth which is maximum and fastest is __________.
b. Apical dominance as expressed in dicotyledonous plants is due to the presence of more ________ in the apical bud than in the lateral ones.
c. In addition to auxin, a ________ must be supplied to culture medium to obtain a good callus in plant tissue culture.
d. ________ of a vegetative plants are the sites of photoperiodic perception.

a. The phase of growth that is fastest and shows the maximum increase is the phase of elongation, where cells undergo rapid vacuolation, enlargement and new wall deposition.

b. Apical dominance in dicotyledonous plants results from a higher concentration of auxin in the apical bud compared with the lateral buds. …

(a) Among the three phases of growth seen along a root axis — meristematic, elongation and maturation — it is the phase of elongation that shows the fastest, maximum growth: the cells here are undergoing increased vacuolation, rapid cell enlargement and continuous new cell-wall deposition, all of which drive a burst of size increase before the cells settle into the slower maturation phase.

(b) Apical dominance, in which the growing apical bud suppresses the lateral buds below it, is attributed to a higher level of auxin present in the apical bud compared with the lateral buds; removing the apex (decapitation) removes this suppressing auxin source and lets the lateral buds grow out. …

Method: Solving Fill-in-the-Blank Recall Items

For fill-in-the-blank questions, isolate the specific keyword(s) in the sentence around each blank — they usually point unambiguously to one chapter fact.

Steps

Step 1: Underline the keyword that names the category of fact needed.

'Maximum and fastest' points to a phase-of-growth fact. 'Apical dominance... due to more ___' points to a hormone-concentration fact. 'In addition to auxin... in culture medium' points to a second-hormone fact. 'Sites of photoperiodic perception' points to an organ fact.

Step 2: Recall the single chapter fact tied to that keyword category. …