Physiological Factors Determining the Component of Physical Fitness

Exercise physiology is the study of how the human body responds and adapts to exercise. Almost every system of the body is drawn into that response — the skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems are all affected in some way. During activity all of these systems work together, yet each responds in its own independent manner.

Each system plays a distinct role. The metabolic system produces energy and manages its intake and output. The cardiovascular system controls circulation, carrying oxygen and fuel to the working muscles and moving waste products away from them towards the kidneys. The respiratory system takes in air, diffuses oxygen into the blood and muscle tissue and removes carbon dioxide from the body. The neuromuscular and skeletal systems produce body movement through muscle contraction, while the neuroendocrine and immune systems help maintain the body's internal balance, or homeostasis. …