Q.Time is called the fourth dimension of geographical studies (since a place's distance from another can be expressed in time as well as space). Please mention the other three dimensions.

Space is understood through three dimensions: length, breadth, and height. These three together give a location its physical extent — how long, how wide, and how tall a place or object is. When you add time to these three, you get the four dimensions used in geographical studies. Time lets you express distance not just in kilometres but also in hours or days of travel, which is why it is called the fourth dimension.

• Length — the measure of how long something is.
• Breadth — the measure of how wide something is.
• Height — the measure of how tall or deep something is. …

Every place on Earth occupies a position that can be fixed only when we know how far it extends in three directions. The first dimension is length, the measure of distance along a line — say, the stretch of a river from its source to its mouth, or the span of a road across a plain. The second is breadth, or width, which gives a surface its extent sideways, so that together length and breadth describe an area, like the floor of a valley or the spread of a delta. The third is height, or altitude, which lifts that area off the level ground — the elevation of a plateau above the sea, the depth of a trench below it, the rise of a mountain wall. These three together — length, breadth, and height — give any feature its full spatial volume, its three-dimensional reality.

Now, a map can show length and breadth easily, and a contour or a relief model can add height. But a place is never static. It changes — a river shifts its course, a city grows, a forest retreats. To understand a place fully, you must know not only where it is in space but when it is in time. That is why time is called the fourth dimension: it adds the sequence of change to the geometry of position. A village at the foot of a pass is the same spot on a map in 1800 and in 2000, yet its meaning — its trade, its people, its very landscape — is utterly different. So the geographer reads time through layers: old settlements beneath new ones, abandoned terraces on a hillside, the slow advance of a glacier.