CBSE Class 12 Sociology 2025 — Set 62/X4YZW/4

Based on the following passage, answer Q.No. 6 and 7. Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life. Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but about groups. In every society, some people have a greater share of valued resources – money, property, education, health and power – than others. People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability. Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life because : (I) This everydayness of social inequality and exclusion often makes them appear inevitable, almost natural. (II) We often think of them as being 'deserved' or 'justified' in some sense. (III) These are natural which can be changed. (IV) The poor and marginalised are not blamed for their own plight. Which of the above statements are correct ? Options : (A) (I) and (II) (B) (I) and (III) (C) (I) and (IV) (D) (II) and (III)

Based on the following passage, answer Q.No. 6 and 7. Social inequality and exclusion are facts of life. Social inequality and exclusion are social because they are not about individuals but about groups. In every society, some people have a greater share of valued resources – money, property, education, health and power – than others. People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability. Which of the following statements is not true related to Exclusion of Dalits ? (A) The institution of untouchability does not refer to the avoidance or prohibition of physical contact. (B) Untouchability refers to a much broader set of social sanctions. (C) Untouchable castes are outside the caste hierarchy. (D) They are considered to be so impure that their mere touch severely pollutes members of all other castes.

Assertion (A) : The laws of a colonised country did not have to stick to the democratic norms that the British back home had to follow in Britain. Reason (R) : The colonial administrators were clear that harsh measures were taken against the labourers to make sure they benefitted the planters. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Based on the following passage, answer Q.No. 9 and 10. The socialisation process involves a continuous dialogue, negotiation and even struggle against significant others (those directly involved in our lives) like our parents, family, kin group and our community. Our community provides us the language (our mother tongue) and the cultural values through which we comprehend the world. It also anchors our self-identity. Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (A) We don't have to do anything to be born into a community. (B) No one has any choice about which family they are born into. (C) No one has any choice about which country they are born into. (D) These types of identities are acquired.

Based on the following passage, answer Q.No. 9 and 10. The socialisation process involves a continuous dialogue, negotiation and even struggle against significant others (those directly involved in our lives) like our parents, family, kin group and our community. Our community provides us the language (our mother tongue) and the cultural values through which we comprehend the world. It also anchors our self-identity. Community conflicts are hard to deal with because : (I) Each side in the conflict thinks of the other side as a hated enemy. (II) There is a tendency to exaggerate the virtues of one's own side. (III) There is a tendency not to exaggerate the vices of the other side. (IV) In such conflicts, they are constructing matching but reversed mirror images of each other. Which of the above statements are correct ? Options : (A) (I), (III) and (IV) (B) (I), (II) and (III) (C) (I), (II) and (IV) (D) (II), (III) and (IV)

Why is the study of Social Movements important in Sociology ? (A) Social movements were about protests which were perceived by elites as a major threat to the established order of society. (B) Social movements were not seen as forces that led to disorder. (C) Participants of social movements do not have their own shared understanding of right and wrong. (D) Participants did not often resort to public protest.

While urbanization has been occurring at a rapid pace, it is the biggest cities – the metropolises – that have been growing the fastest. Which of the following statements related to urbanization is not true ? (A) These metros attract migrants from the rural areas as well as from small towns. (B) The larger cities in India are not growing at such a rapid rate. (C) Urban infrastructure can hardly keep pace. (D) With the mass media's primary focus on these cities, the public face of India is becoming more and more urban rather than rural.

Assertion (A) : Agriculture is the single most important source of livelihood for the majority of the rural population. Reason (R) : The rural is not just agriculture. Many activities that support agriculture and village life are also sources of livelihood. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Assertion (A) : There is absorption of different tribal groups into caste Hindu society at varying levels of the hierarchy. Reason (R) : Tribal lands were colonised and the forests cut down. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Which of the following statements is true for westernisation ? (A) The changes brought about in Indian society and culture is a result of over 150 years of British rule. (B) Westernisation does not involve the imitation of external forms of culture. (C) The west did not influence Indian art and literature. (D) Westernisation did not include the sub-culture of Indian intellectuals.

Put the following statements in the correct order. (I) Workers have to work at the pace of the machine. (II) The more mechanised an industry gets, the fewer people are employed. (III) Two tea breaks of 7·5 minutes each and one lunch break of half an hour. (IV) Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the entire day. Options : (A) (II), (I), (IV), (III) (B) (I), (II), (III), (IV) (C) (IV), (I), (III), (II) (D) (I), (IV), (III), (II)

“By and large, work for most Indians is still in smallscale workplaces. Here personal relationships determine many aspects of work.” In large organisations work is not determined by personal relationships. What inference can you draw from this statement ?

(a) “Cultural Diversity can present tough challenges.” Support the statement with suitable examples. OR (b) Give one argument each for and against secularism.

Adivasis shared a common hatred for dikus. Why ? Give two reasons.

(a) Workers in underground mines face very dangerous conditions. Give examples. OR (b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of the policy of liberalisation.

During the 1960s, scholars debated whether tribes should be seen as one end of a continuum with caste-based (Hindu) peasant society, or whether they were an altogether different kind of community. What is the basis for the argument for tribe and caste distinction ?

Many districts of colonial India were administered through the Zamindari system. What problems were faced by the peasants due to the Zamindari system ?

One of the negative outcomes of the Green Revolution strategy was the worsening of regional inequalities. Give two reasons for your answer.

The major epidemic diseases in the past were fevers of various sorts, plague, smallpox and cholera. But the single largest epidemic was the influenza epidemic of 1918 – 19, which killed about 5% of the total population of India at that time. Differentiate between epidemic and pandemic.

“Theoretically, the caste can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles.” Name them and define any one.

From the 1950s to the 1970s, a series of land reform laws were passed — at the national level as well as in the states. What were the reasons behind these reforms ?

Sociologists use the term 'Social Stratification' to refer to a system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy. How does Social Stratification persist over generations ?

(a) Westernisation does involve the imitation of external forms of culture. Illustrate the process of westernisation. OR (b) The varied Social Reform Movements did have common themes. Yet there were also significant differences. Discuss.

Each one of us is born into a family, and most of us spend long years within it. Usually we feel very strongly about our family. The family is an integral part of lives. Elaborate.

“In India, the impact of the very same British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some sectors.” Identify the impacts on the basis of the above statement.

There is a close relationship between disability and poverty. Discuss.

“In response to harsh working conditions, sometimes workers went on strike.” Justify taking the example of the famous Bombay Textile Strike of 1982.

The declining Sex Ratio in India 1901 – 2011 is given below : | Year | Sex Ratio all age groups | Variation over previous decade | Child Sex Ratio (0 – 6 years) | Variation over previous decade | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1901 | 972 | – | – | – | | 1911 | 964 | – 8 | – | – | | 1921 | 955 | – 9 | – | – | | 1931 | 950 | – 5 | – | – | | 1941 | 945 | – 5 | – | – | | 1951 | 946 | + 1 | – | – | | 1961 | 941 | – 5 | 976 | – | | 1971 | 930 | – 11 | 964 | – 12 | | 1981 | 934 | + 4 | 962 | – 2 | | 1991 | 927 | – 7 | 945 | – 17 | | 2001 | 933 | + 6 | 927 | – 18 | | 2011 | 943 | + 10 | 919 | – 8 | Based on the above data, answer the following questions. (a) What are the reasons for the declining child sex ratio ? (b) Based on the above data, compare the data of the 20th century with that of the 21st century and state your inferences.

Discuss the classification of Social Movements.

The Civil Society has been instrumental in taking many significant initiatives, the most recent being the campaign for the Right to Information. Discuss the initiative and its outcome.