Q.Briefly explain two threats that may arise due to a keylogger installed on a computer.

Think of a keylogger as a tiny, invisible spy sitting on your keyboard. Every time you press a key — a letter, a number, a symbol — that spy writes it down in a secret notebook. You type your password, and the spy records it. You type your bank account number, and the spy records that too. You don’t see it, you don’t feel it, and the computer seems to work perfectly normally. But the notebook is being read by someone else, somewhere else.

That’s the whole idea in one sentence. A keylogger is a type of malicious software (or sometimes a small physical device) that records every keystroke you make on a keyboard. The word itself comes from “key” and “logger” — it logs, or keeps a record of, your keys.

For a commerce or humanities student, the danger isn’t technical — it’s personal and financial. Think about what you type in a normal day. You log into your email, your social media, your online banking, your college portal. You type your Aadhaar number, your phone number, your address, maybe even your credit card details when you shop online. A keylogger captures all of that, in plain text, exactly as you typed it. It doesn’t need to break any encryption or hack any server — it simply watches you type the information yourself.

The scary part is that keyloggers are designed to be silent. They don’t slow down your computer, they don’t show pop-ups, and they don’t make your screen flicker. They just sit in the background, collecting data, and send it to whoever installed them — usually over the internet, at regular intervals. By the time you notice anything wrong, the damage is often already done: money withdrawn, accounts hijacked, identity stolen.

There are two main kinds of keyloggers, and it helps to know the difference.

• Software keyloggers are programs installed on your computer. They might arrive hidden inside a downloaded file, a cracked game, a fake email attachment, or a malicious link. Once installed, they run quietly in the background, often disguised as a legitimate system process.
• Hardware keyloggers are small physical devices plugged between your keyboard and your computer, or sometimes built into the keyboard itself. They don’t need any software to be installed — they just record everything as it passes through. These are rarer, but they’re a real risk on shared or public computers, like those in an internet café or a library.

So why does this matter to you, specifically as a commerce or humanities student? Because your life is full of sensitive information. You might handle money transfers, fill out forms with personal details, or communicate with clients and professors. A single compromised password — say, to your email — can give an attacker access to everything else, because most accounts are linked to email for password resets. One keylogger can therefore unlock your entire digital identity.

The good news is that keyloggers are not invincible. There are practical habits that reduce your risk dramatically. …