Using the table EMPLOYEE of CARSHOWROOM database, list the day of birth for all employees whose salary is more

Activities · Activity 9.13

Q. Using the table EMPLOYEE of CARSHOWROOM database, list the day of birth for all employees whose salary is more than 25000.

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Concept understanding — SQL Rounding Functions

SQL Rounding Functions

Imagine you're keeping a record of your monthly expenses. You spend ₹1,247.83 on groceries, ₹532.19 on transport, and ₹2,108.56 on rent. When you tell a friend how much you spent, you don't say "one thousand two hundred forty-seven point eight three rupees." You say "about ₹1,250" or "roughly ₹1,200." That instinct to simplify a number to something easier to work with — that's exactly what rounding functions do in SQL.

The Core Idea

Rounding functions take a number with many decimal places and give you back a cleaner version. They don't change the kind of number — it's still a number — but they make it shorter, neater, and often more useful for reports, summaries, or display.

Think of it like this: you have a precise measurement, but you don't always need that precision. A bank statement might show ₹1,247.83, but a budget summary might only need ₹1,248. A sales report for the whole year might round to the nearest thousand. SQL gives you the tools to decide exactly how much precision you want to keep.

The Main Rounding Functions

SQL provides several ways to round, and each one behaves a little differently. Here's what you need to know:

ROUND — This is the most intuitive one. It takes a number and rounds it to a specified number of decimal places. If you round 3.14159 to two decimal places, you get 3.14. If you round it to zero decimal places, you get 3. The rule is standard: look at the next digit; if it's 5 or above, round up; otherwise, round down. This is what most people mean when they say "round."

CEILING — This function always rounds up to the nearest whole number, no matter what. If your number is 3.001, CEILING gives you 4. If it's 3.999, you still get 4. It's like saying "I don't care how close you are — go to the next integer." This is useful when you're counting things that can't be split, like people or items. You can't have 3.2 employees; you need 4.

FLOOR — This is the opposite of CEILING. It always rounds down to the nearest whole number. 3.999 becomes 3. 3.001 becomes 3. It's like saying "cut off everything after the decimal point, no questions asked." This is handy when you're dealing with quantities where you can't exceed a limit, like "how many full boxes can I pack?"

Note

CEILING and FLOOR always return whole numbers (integers). ROUND can return numbers with decimals if you ask it to keep some. That's a key difference: ROUND gives you control over precision; CEILING and FLOOR give you control over direction.

Why Rounding Matters in the Real World

You might wonder: why not just store the exact number? Because in practice, data is messy and human beings need simplicity. …

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This runs against the real EMPLOYEE table (Table 9.12) of the CARSHOWROOM database, whose DOB and Salary columns were given earlier in this same chapter.

The real EMPLOYEE table (Table 9.12)

EmpID	EmpName	DOB	Salary
E001	Rushil	1994-07-10	25550
E002	Sanjay	1990-03-12	33100
E003	Zohar	1975-08-30	20000
E004	Arpit	1989-06-06	39100
E006	Sanjucta	1985-11-03	27350
E007	Mayank	1993-04-03	27352
E010	Rajkumar	1987-02-26	31111

The DAY() function extracts the day-of-month from a date value.

SELECT DAY(DOB) AS DayOfBirth
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary > 25000;
``` …

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This uses the real EMPLOYEE table of the CARSHOWROOM database (Table 9.12), whose DOB and Salary columns were given earlier in this same chapter — we extract the day component with DAY() and filter with a WHERE clause on Salary.

The real EMPLOYEE table (Table 9.12)

EmpID	EmpName	DOB	Designation	Salary
E001	Rushil	1994-07-10	Salesman	25550
E002	Sanjay	1990-03-12	Salesman	33100
E003	Zohar	1975-08-30	Peon	20000
E004	Arpit	1989-06-06	Salesman	39100
E006	Sanjucta	1985-11-03	Receptionist	27350
E007	Mayank	1993-04-03	Salesman	27352
E010	Rajkumar	1987-02-26	Salesman	31111

SELECT DAY(DOB) AS DayOfBirth
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE Salary > 25000;

Which rows qualify

Every employee except Zohar (Salary 20000, not > 25000) has a salary above 25000 — including Rushil, whose 25550 clears the bar:

EmpName	Salary > 25000?	DOB	DAY(DOB)
Rushil	Yes (25550)	1994-07-10	10
Sanjay	Yes (33100)	1990-03-12	12
Zohar	No (20000)	—	(excluded)
Arpit	Yes (39100)	1989-06-06	6
Sanjucta	Yes (27350)	1985-11-03	3

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

CBSE 2026Set 90/1/11 markMCQ
$Q. What will be the result of the following SQL command ? SELECT ROUND(15.678, 2); (A) 15.00 (B) 15.67 (C) 15.68 (D) 16.00$
›Reveal solutionSolution

The SQL command SELECT ROUND(15.678, 2); rounds the number 15.678 to two decimal places, giving 15.68.

The ROUND function in SQL is a numeric function used to round a number to a specified number of decimal places. It takes two arguments: the number you want to round, and the number of decimal places to round to. The second argument tells SQL how many digits to keep after the decimal point.

In this command, the number is 15.678 and the decimal places argument is 2. SQL looks at the third decimal digit — which is 8 — and since 8 is greater than or equal to 5, it rounds the second decimal digit (7) up by one. So 7 becomes 8, and the result is 15.68.

Note

If the third decimal digit had been 4 or less, the second decimal digit would have stayed the same. For example, ROUND(15.674, 2) would give 15.67. …

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CBSE 2025Set 90/1/11 markMCQ
$Q. Assertion (A): The ROUND() function in SQL can be used to round off a number to a specified number of decimal places. Reason (R): The ROUND() function is a string function that accepts character values as input and returns numerical values as output. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are True and Reason (R) is the correct explanation for Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are True and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation for Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is True and Reason (R) is False. (D) Assertion (A) is False, but Reason (R) is True.$
›Reveal solutionSolution
Assertion (A) is true because ROUND() rounds numbers to specified decimal places, but Reason (R) is false because ROUND() is a numeric function, not a string function, and it operates on numerical inputs.

In SQL, functions are specialized commands designed to perform specific operations on data. These functions are broadly categorized based on the type of data they process and the kind of operation they perform. Common categories include numeric functions, string functions, date functions, and aggregate functions. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for correctly manipulating and querying data.

Let's examine the assertion and reason provided:

Assertion (A): The ROUND() function in SQL can be used to round off a number to a specified number of decimal places.

This assertion is True. The ROUND() function is a standard numeric function available in SQL. Its primary purpose is to take a numerical value and round it to a specified precision. For instance, if you have a number like 123.456 and you want to round it to two decimal places, ROUND() would yield 123.46. If no decimal places are specified, it typically rounds to the nearest whole number. This functionality is fundamental for presenting data cleanly or for calculations where precision needs to be controlled.

Note

The exact behavior of ROUND() for numbers ending in .5 (e.g., 123.5) can vary slightly between different SQL database systems (e.g., rounding half up, half to even), but its core purpose of rounding to a specified number of decimal places remains consistent.

Reason (R): The ROUND() function is a string function that accepts character values as input and returns numerical values as output.

This reason is False. The ROUND() function is unequivocally a numeric function, not a string function.

Numeric functions are designed to perform mathematical operations on numerical data. They take numbers as input and return numbers as output. Examples include ABS() (absolute value), SQRT() (square root), POWER() (raise to a power), and, of course, ROUND(). …
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CBSE 2023Set 90/1/11 markMCQ
$Q. Which of the following is the correct output of the following SQL command? SELECT ROUND (7876.4568, 2); (A) 7876.46 (B) 7876.45 (C) 7900 (D) 7900.4568$
›Reveal solutionSolution
The ROUND function in SQL rounds a numeric value to a specified number of decimal places, applying standard mathematical rounding rules.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is equipped with a variety of built-in functions that allow users to perform operations on data directly within queries. These functions are broadly categorized into types such as numeric functions, string functions, date and time functions, and aggregate functions. The ROUND function falls under the category of numeric functions, designed specifically to manipulate numerical data.

The primary purpose of the ROUND function is to round a given numeric value to a specified precision, typically a certain number of decimal places. This is incredibly useful in scenarios where exact precision is not required, or when presenting data in a more readable format, such as financial reports or statistical summaries.
$ROUND(number, decimal_places)$
Let's break down how the ROUND function works with its two arguments:

number: This is the numeric value that you want to round. It can be a literal number, a column name containing numeric data, or even an expression that evaluates to a number.

decimal_places: This integer specifies the number of decimal places to which the number should be rounded.

If decimal_places is a positive integer, the number is rounded to that many digits after the decimal point.

If decimal_places is 0, the number is rounded to the nearest whole integer.

If decimal_places is a negative integer, the number is rounded to the left of the decimal point (e.g., -1 rounds to the nearest ten, -2 to the nearest hundred).

The ROUND function follows standard mathematical rounding rules, often referred to as "round half up." This means:

If the digit immediately to the right of the desired rounding position is 5 or greater, the digit at the desired rounding position is rounded up.

If the digit immediately to the right of the desired rounding position is less than 5 (i.e., 0 through 4), the digit at the desired rounding position remains unchanged (it's effectively rounded down).

Now, let's apply this understanding to the given SQL command: SELECT ROUND (7876.4568, 2);

Identify the number: The number to be rounded is 7876.4568. …
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Q.Using the table EMPLOYEE of CARSHOWROOM database, list the day of birth for all employees whose salary is more than 25000.

The real EMPLOYEE table (Table 9.12)

Which rows qualify

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