Q.Integrate the following function: (sin−1x)2
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Integration by Parts
The idea: reverse the product rule
Some integrands are a product of two very different functions — xex, xcosx, logx, xsin−1x — where substitution gets you nowhere. Integration by parts is the tool for these. It comes straight from reversing the product rule for differentiation.
Starting from dxd(uv)=uv′+u′v and integrating both sides gives the working formula:
∫udxdvdx=uv−∫vdxdudx.
In words: integral of (first × derivative-of-second) = first × integral-of-second − integral of (derivative-of-first × integral-of-second).
Choosing u: the ILATE rule
The whole game is picking which factor is u (to differentiate) and which is dv (to integrate). Pick u by ILATE — the first type that appears:
- Inverse trig (sin−1x), Logarithmic (logx), Algebraic (x2), Trigonometric (sinx), Exponential (ex).
Whatever comes first in ILATE becomes u; the rest is dv. This makes the new integral ∫vdu simpler than the one you started with.
Worked idea
For ∫xexdx: algebraic before exponential, so u=x, dv=exdx. Then du=dx, v=ex:
∫xexdx=xex−∫exdx=xex−ex+C=ex(x−1)+C. …
Idea: write (sin−1x)2=1⋅(sin−1x)2 and integrate by parts twice.
Let u=(sin−1x)2,dv=dx, so du=1−x22sin−1xdx,v=x:
I=x(sin−1x)2−2∫1−x2xsin−1xdx.
For the leftover, take u=sin−1x,dv=1−x2xdx, giving du=1−x2dx,v=−1−x2:
∫1−x2xsin−1xdx=−1−x2sin−1x+∫dx=−1−x2sin−1x+x. …
Treat (sin−1x)2 as 1⋅(sin−1x)2 and integrate by parts twice: x(sin−1x)2+21−x2sin−1x−2x+C.
The strategy
An inverse-trig function squared has no direct antiderivative. Integration by parts lowers the power: with dv=dx the square becomes our u, and each round reduces the exponent of sin−1x by one until we reach an integral we know.
First integration by parts
u=(sin−1x)2,dv=dx⇒du=1−x22sin−1xdx,v=x.
∫(sin−1x)2dx=x(sin−1x)2−∫x⋅1−x22sin−1xdx=x(sin−1x)2−2∫1−x2xsin−1xdx.
Second integration by parts
For ∫1−x2xsin−1xdx, choose
u=sin−1x,dv=1−x2xdx⇒du=1−x2dx,v=−1−x2
(the last using t=1−x2). Then …
Method: Repeated integration by parts to lower a power
Use this when an inverse-trig or log function appears squared (or to a higher power), e.g. (sin−1x)2: by parts with dv=dx knocks the exponent down by one each pass.
Steps
Step 1: Write it as (function)×1 and take the squared function as u.
u=(sin−1x)2,dv=dx⇒du=1−x22sin−1xdx,v=x.
Step 2: First pass reduces the square to a first power.
∫(sin−1x)2dx=x(sin−1x)2−2∫1−x2xsin−1xdx.
Step 3: Second pass on the leftover. …
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Differentiating (sin−1x)2 without the chain rule.
Why it's wrong: dxd(sin−1x)2=1−x22sin−1x, not …2sin−1x missing the inner derivative. Correct approach: chain rule gives the extra 1−x21.
Mistake 2: Mishandling the −2 when substituting the second result back. …
Showing the 12 most recent of 40 on this concept.
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫logxdx=(a) x1+k(b) xlogx+k(c) xlogx−x+k(d) xlogx+x+k
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Integrate by parts: ∫logxdx=xlogx−x+k.
Take u=logx and dv=dx, so du=x1dx and v=x:
…
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫cosxdx=(a) sinx+cosx+k(b) 21(xsinx−cosx)+k(c) 2(xsinx+cosx)+k(d) sinx+k
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Put t=x; the integral becomes 2∫tcostdt=2(tsint+cost)+k.
Let t=x, so x=t2 and dx=2tdt. Then
∫cosxdx=∫cost(2tdt)=2∫tcostdt.
Integrate ∫tcostdt by parts (u=t, dv=costdt): =tsint−∫sintdt=tsint+cost.
…
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫ex(tan−1x+1+x21)dx=(a) extan−1x+k(b) ex⋅1+x21+k(c) ex+k(d) tan−1x+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognise ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+k; here f(x)=tan−1x.
Note dxdtan−1x=1+x21. So the integrand is ex[tan−1x+(tan−1x)′], which matches the standard pattern
…
- CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQQ.∫01xexdx=(a) 1(b) 0(c) 2(d) −1
›Reveal solutionSolution
By parts: ∫01xexdx=[(x−1)ex]01=1.
Take u=x, dv=exdx, so du=dx, v=ex:
∫xexdx=xex−∫exdx=xex−ex=(x−1)ex.
…
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Write the value of ∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx.(a) −excosx+c(b) exsinx+c(c) −exsecx+c(d) excosecx+c
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognising the standard form ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+c gives −excosx+c.
There is a standard integration result:
∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+c
Compare the integrand sinx−cosx with f(x)+f′(x). Try f(x)=−cosx; then f′(x)=sinx, so
f(x)+f′(x)=−cosx+sinx=sinx−cosx …
- CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.∫ex(logsecx+tanx)dx=(a) ex+C(b) extanx+C(c) ex(logsecx)+C(d) None of these
›Reveal solutionSolution
This is of the standard form ∫ex[f(x)+f′(x)]dx=exf(x)+C.
Let f(x)=logsecx. Then f′(x)=secxsecxtanx=tanx.
…
- CBSE 2025Set X11 markMCQQ.∫ex(sinx−cosx)dx is(a) −excosx(b) excosx(c) exsinx(d) exsin2x
›Reveal solutionSolution
Integral of the form ∫ex(f+f′)dx=exf — correct option (a). …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Find ∫x⋅exdx.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Apply integration by parts with u=x, dv=exdx.
…
- CBSE 2025Set E1 markMCQQ.∫logx2dx=(a) x21+k(b) x2+k(c) xlogx−x+k(d) 2(xlogx−x)+k
›Reveal solutionSolution
Bring down the power, then integrate logx by parts; result 2(xlogx−x)+k.
First logx2=2logx. Now integrate ∫logxdx by parts with u=logx, dv=dx: …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Evaluate ∫xsinxdx.
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use integration by parts (ILATE): take u=x (algebraic) and dv=sinxdx.
Let u=x, dv=sinxdx, so du=dx, v=−cosx.
…
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markQ.Evaluate : ∫xlog2xdx
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use integration by parts, taking the logarithm as the first function.
Let I=∫xlog2xdx. Apply ∫udv=uv−∫vdu with
u=log2x,dv=xdx.
Then
du=2x1⋅2dx=x1dx,v=2x2.
Therefore
I=log2x⋅2x2−∫2x2⋅x1dx=2x2log2x−21∫xdx. …
- CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.∫exsecx(1+tanx)dx is equal to(a) excosx+c(b) exsecx+c(c) exsinx+c(d) extanx+c
›Reveal solutionSolution
Recognise the form ∫ex{f(x)+f′(x)}dx=exf(x)+c.
Expand the integrand:
exsecx(1+tanx)=ex(secx+secxtanx).
Let f(x)=secx. Then
f′(x)=secxtanx.
So the integrand is exactly ex{f(x)+f′(x)}, and by the standard result
∫ex{f(x)+f′(x)}dx=exf(x)+c=exsecx+c.
Verification (differentiate the answer): …
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