‘Charity from Abroad’ will be recorded on _____ (credit/debit) side of the Balance of Payment accounts. (Fill

Question 29 of 77

Q. ‘Charity from Abroad’ will be recorded on _________ (credit/debit) side of the Balance of Payment accounts. (Fill in the blank with correct answer)

Dnh Dd CbseCBSE Class XII Board 2020Subjective· 1mImportance★★★★★

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Concept understanding — Current Account Deficit

The Current Account Deficit: Spending More Than You Earn, But With a Country

Think of your monthly allowance. If you spend ₹2,000 but only earn ₹1,500, you have a deficit of ₹500. You cover that gap by borrowing from a friend or dipping into savings. A country does the same thing on a massive scale — that's the Current Account Deficit (CAD).

The Everyday Intuition

A country's current account is like its income-and-expenditure diary with the rest of the world. It records three main things:

Goods (exports and imports of physical items — phones, wheat, oil)
Services (IT exports, tourism, shipping)
Transfers (money sent home by workers abroad, foreign aid)

When the total money flowing out for imports, services, and transfers exceeds the money flowing in from exports, services, and transfers, you have a deficit. The country is a net borrower from the world.

Note

A deficit is not automatically "bad." It means the country is consuming or investing more than it produces — which can be fine if the borrowed money goes into productive assets (factories, roads) that generate future income.

The Precise Definition (NCERT Style)

The current account is part of the Balance of Payments (BoP) — the record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world.

\text{Current Account Balance} = (X - M) + (X_{\text{services}} - M_{\text{services}}) + \text{Net Transfers} + \text{Net Income}

Where:

$X$ = Exports of goods
$M$ = Imports of goods
$X_{\text{services}}$ = Exports of services (e.g., Indian IT firms selling software to the US)
$M_{\text{services}}$ = Imports of services (e.g., Indians using Netflix)
Net Transfers = Money received from abroad minus money sent abroad (e.g., remittances from Indians working in the Gulf)
Net Income = Earnings from investments abroad minus payments to foreign investors (e.g., dividends paid to a Japanese company that owns a factory in India)

If this total is negative, the country has a Current Account Deficit.

Why It Matters (The "So What?")

A CAD must be financed. How? By borrowing from abroad or selling assets to foreigners. This shows up on the other side of the BoP — the Capital Account. If a country runs a CAD of $50 billion, it must attract$ 50 billion of foreign investment (FDI, FII, loans) to balance the books.

Three things to watch:

Sustainability — A small CAD (say 2-3% of GDP) is normal for a growing economy like India. A large, persistent CAD (5%+ of GDP) signals trouble: the country is living beyond its means and may struggle to repay.
Currency pressure — To finance a CAD, the country needs foreign currency (dollars). High demand for dollars can weaken the rupee. A weaker rupee makes imports costlier (inflation) but helps exports.
The J-Curve effect — When the rupee depreciates, the trade deficit often worsens initially before improving. Why? Imports are priced in dollars and become more expensive in rupees immediately, while export volumes take time to respond. The graph of the trade balance over time looks like a "J" — dipping first, then rising. …

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'Charity from Abroad' represents an inflow of foreign exchange, which is recorded on the credit side of the Current Account in the Balance of Payments.

The Balance of Payments (BOP) is a systematic record of all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world during a specific period, usually a year. It operates on a double-entry bookkeeping system, meaning every transaction has two entries: a credit and a debit. Understanding which side a transaction falls on depends on whether it represents an inflow or an outflow of foreign exchange for the domestic economy.

Concept and Intuition

Think of the Balance of Payments as a country's financial statement with the rest of the world.

Credit entries record transactions that result in an inflow of foreign exchange into the country. These are essentially receipts from abroad. When foreign currency comes into the country, it's a credit.
Debit entries record transactions that result in an outflow of foreign exchange from the country. These are payments to abroad. When foreign currency leaves the country, it's a debit.

The BOP is broadly divided into two main accounts:

Current Account: Records transactions related to goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers.
Capital Account: Records transactions related to international capital flows (investments, loans).

'Charity from Abroad' falls under unilateral transfers within the Current Account. Unilateral transfers are one-way transfers, meaning there's no corresponding return flow of goods, services, or assets. Examples include gifts, grants, remittances, and aid.

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Let's apply this understanding to the specific transaction.

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Q.‘Charity from Abroad’ will be recorded on _________ (credit/debit) side of the Balance of Payment accounts. (Fill in the blank with correct answer)

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