Exercises · Q12
Q.Distinguish between HDI and PQLI as measures of development.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →HDI and PQLI both try to measure development beyond income alone, but they differ in several respects:
| Basis | HDI | PQLI |
|---|---|---|
| Introduced | 1990, by UNDP | 1970s, by Morris D. Morris |
| Dimensions | Health, Education, Income (3) | Infant mortality, Life expectancy at 1, Literacy (3) |
| Income included? | Yes (GNI per capita, PPP) | No — excluded entirely |
| Scale | 0 to 1 | 0 to 100 |
| Aggregation method | Geometric mean (since 2010) | Simple arithmetic average |
| Interpretation | Broader, blends economic and social dimensions | Narrower, purely social/basic-needs focus |
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