A two-column table pairs certain organs of the human female reproductive system (Column A) with an associated

NCERT Exemplar · Q23

Q. A two-column table pairs certain organs of the human female reproductive system (Column A) with an associated event or function (Column B). Reading the rows from top to bottom, the pairs are:

(i) Ovaries — Ovulation;

(ii) Oviduct — blank (a);

(iii) blank

(b) — Pregnancy;

(iv) Vagina — Birth. Identify the correct entries for the two blank boxes labelled

(a) and (b).

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Concept understanding — Reproductive System Functions

Reproductive System Functions – A First Look

Think about what every living thing does, without exception: it reproduces. A mango tree grows from a seed, flowers, and produces more mangoes. A cat gives birth to kittens. You yourself are here because two people, your parents, reproduced. Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms create new individuals of their own kind — it is the reason life continues across generations.

For a commerce or humanities student, the reproductive system is not about complicated diagrams or medical terms. It is about understanding the purpose and basic working of the system that ensures the survival of the human species. The NCERT textbook presents this as a fundamental life process, just like nutrition, respiration, or excretion.

What Does the Reproductive System Do?

The primary function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring. But that simple statement hides a lot of careful design. The system must:

Produce gametes — the male sperm and the female egg (ovum).
Transport these gametes so they can meet and fertilise.
Provide a safe environment for the development of the fertilised egg into a baby.
Nourish the newborn after birth (through milk production in females).

In humans, reproduction is sexual — it requires two parents, one male and one female. This is different from asexual reproduction (like a bacterium splitting into two), and it introduces genetic variation, which is why brothers and sisters are not identical copies of each other.

Note

The reproductive system is the only organ system that is not essential for the survival of the individual — you can live without reproducing. But it is essential for the survival of the species. That is why it is considered a life process in biology.

The Male Reproductive System – Key Functions

The male system is designed to produce and deliver sperm. The NCERT textbook highlights these main parts and their roles:

Testes (two oval organs): Produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for changes during puberty — deeper voice, facial hair, muscle growth.
Duct system (epididymis, vas deferens, urethra): Stores sperm and transports it out of the body.
Accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands): Add fluids to the sperm to form semen. These fluids nourish the sperm and help them swim.

The entire process is controlled by hormones from the brain (pituitary gland) and the testes themselves.

The Female Reproductive System – Key Functions

The female system is more complex because it must not only produce eggs but also support a growing baby. The NCERT textbook describes these main functions:

Ovaries (two almond-shaped organs): Produce eggs (ova) and the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the body for pregnancy.
Fallopian tubes (oviducts): Carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilisation (fusion of sperm and egg) usually happens here.
Uterus (womb): A hollow, muscular organ where the fertilised egg implants and grows into a baby. Its lining thickens each month in preparation for pregnancy.
Cervix and vagina: The cervix is the lower opening of the uterus; the vagina is the birth canal through which the baby is delivered. …

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The table links each female reproductive organ with the key event it performs. The oviduct is the site of fertilisation, so blank (a) is Fertilisation. Pregnancy is carried out by the Uterus, so blank (b) is Uterus. The two given pairs — Ovaries–Ovulation and Vagina–Birth — set the pattern.

Concept

In the human female reproductive tract, each organ carries out a specific stage in reproduction. The table is built on an organ-to-function correspondence, so each blank must be filled by the logically matching partner.

Working through the given pairs

Ovaries — Ovulation: The ovaries are the female gonads; a mature Graafian follicle ruptures and releases the secondary oocyte, an event called ovulation. (Given — confirms the pattern is organ → event.)
Vagina — Birth: The vagina acts as the birth canal through which the foetus is delivered at parturition. (Given.)

Filling the blanks

(a) Oviduct — ? The oviduct (fallopian tube), specifically at the ampullary–isthmic junction, is where the released ovum meets the sperm and the two gametes fuse. The event associated with the oviduct is therefore Fertilisation. …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

Showing the 12 most recent of 13 on this concept.

GUJCET 2026Set 051 markMCQ
$Q. The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into 'X' through 'Y'. (A) X - Vas deferens, Y - rete testis (B) X - rete testis, Y - Epididymis (C) X - Vas deferens, Y - Epididymis (D) X - Vasa efferentia, Y - rete testis$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Path: seminiferous tubules → rete testis → vasa efferentia.

The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the vasa efferentia (X) through the rete testis (Y); the vasa efferentia lead to the epididymis and then the vas deferens. So X = vas …
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GUJCET 2024Set 101 markMCQ
$Q. Where are the Leydig cell present? (A) In the wall of seminiferous tubules (B) In Epididymis (C) The region outside the seminiferous tubules (D) In Rete testis$
›Reveal solutionSolution
[!TLDR]

Leydig (interstitial) cells occupy the interstitial spaces outside the seminiferous tubules.

Concept

The testis contains seminiferous tubules (with germ cells and Sertoli cells) and, between the tubules, interstitial tissue. Leydig cells are found in this interstitial tissue and secrete testosterone.

Solution

Inside/wall of seminiferous tubules — germ cells and Sertoli cells, not Leydig cells.

Epididymis and rete testis — parts of the duct system, not the site of Leydig cells. …
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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Which of the following hormone is secreted in high amount causing ovulation in women?$
(a) Estrogen
(b) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
(c) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
(d) Androgens
›Reveal solutionSolution

A sharp mid-cycle rise (surge) in Luteinising Hormone (LH), released from the anterior pituitary, is the direct trigger for the rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the ovum — ovulation.

During the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen from the developing follicle exerts positive feedback on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis around mid-cycle, causing a large, sudden surge in LH (and a smaller FSH surge) around day 14. This LH surge is what actually induces ovulation, distinguishing LH's role from FSH (which mainly drives …

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GUJCET 2023Set 071 markMCQ
$\rightarrow$
›Reveal solutionSolution
The correct male-duct sequence after the seminiferous tubules is rete testis → vasa efferentia → epididymis → vas deferens.

Concept — male reproductive duct system. Sperm formed in the seminiferous tubules travel through a fixed anatomical route:

Rete testis (network in the testis),

Vasa efferentia (carry sperm out of testis),

Epididymis (maturation/storage), …
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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. During which days of menstrual cycle, secretion of LH from pituitary leading to its maximum level.$
(a) 25 to 28 days
(b) 13 to 15 days
(c) 19 to 23 days
(d) 1 to 5 days
›Reveal solutionSolution

LH peaks at mid-cycle (about day 14), and this LH surge induces ovulation.

During the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen from the maturing follicle triggers a rapid secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary around the middle of the cycle. This LH surge reaches its …

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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. During which period of the menstrual cycle is the chance of fertilization in women the highest?$
(a) 5 to 10 days
(b) 1 to 5 days
(c) 10 to 17 days
(d) 21 to 28 days
›Reveal solutionSolution

Ovulation occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, and the ovum remains viable for roughly a day, so the fertile window spans about day 10 to day 17.

The menstrual cycle has three phases: the menstrual/follicular phase (roughly days 1-13, ending in ovulation around day 14), the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase (roughly days 15-28). Since sperm can survive in the female tract for a few days and the released ovum stays fertilisable for about 24 hours, the days surrounding ovulation — approximately days 10 to 17 — represent …

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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. In which of the following mammals is a cyclical change observed during reproduction?$
(a) Deer
(b) Monkey
(c) Ape
(d) Human
›Reveal solutionSolution

Primates (monkeys, apes and humans) show a menstrual cycle, while most other mammals, such as deer, show a different type of reproductive cycle called the oestrous cycle.

Female reproductive cycles are of two broad types: the menstrual cycle, characteristic of female primates (monkeys, apes and humans), in which the uterine lining is shed as menstrual bleeding if fertilisation does not occur, and the oestrous cycle, found in most other mammals (such as cows, sheep, rats, and deer), in which the reproductive cycle instead culminates in a period …

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GUJCET 2021Set 151 markMCQ
$Q. Which the part of oviduct, joins the uterus? (A) Fimbriae (B) Isthmus (C) Ampulla (D) Infundibulum$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Oviduct order: infundibulum → ampulla → isthmus → uterus.

Concept: The oviduct's last, narrow segment, the isthmus, has a small lumen …
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GUJCET 2020Set x1 markMCQ
$Q. Which part of the fallopian tube is close to ovary? (A) Infundibulum (B) Isthmus (C) Ampulla (D) Fimbriae$
›Reveal solutionSolution
The infundibulum is the fallopian-tube part closest to the ovary.

The oviduct (fallopian tube) has three parts, from the ovary inward:

Infundibulum — funnel-shaped, closest to the ovary; its edges bear finger-like fimbriae.

Ampulla — the wider middle part (site of fertilisation).

Isthmus — the narrow part joining the uterus. …
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GUJCET 2020Set x1 markMCQ
$\rightarrow$
›Reveal solutionSolution
Correct order: seminiferous tubules → rete testis → vasa efferentia → epididymis → (vas deferens).

The male sperm transport (duct) pathway:

Seminiferous tubules (site of production)

Rete testis

Vasa efferentia

Epididymis

Vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra …
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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2020Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. In primate mammals cyclical changes occur during reproduction are called$
(a) Menstrual cycles
(b) Menopause
(c) Seasonal breeders
(d) Continuous breeders
›Reveal solutionSolution

In primates (monkeys, apes and humans), the reproductive cycle is called the menstrual cycle, characterised by monthly cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus culminating (if fertilisation does not occur) in the shedding of the uterine lining as menstrual bleeding.

Mammals show two main types of reproductive cycles: the oestrus cycle (seen in non-primate mammals like cows, sheep, rats, dogs, etc.) and the menstrual cycle (seen in primates — monkeys, apes and humans). The menstrual cycle involves the periodic growth and shedding of the endometrium (uterine lining) approximately every 28-29 days, in the absence of pregnancy, along with corresponding changes in the ovaries (follicu …

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GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2018Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. On the 14th day of menstrual cycle, which ovarian hormone level is maximum?$
(a) LH
(b) FSH
(c) Estrogen
(d) Progesterone
›Reveal solutionSolution
Around day 14 the ovarian follicle secretes maximum estrogen, which triggers the LH surge and ovulation.

The question asks specifically for an OVARIAN hormone:

LH and FSH are gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary, not ovarian hormones.

Estrogen and progesterone are the ovarian hormones. …
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Q.A two-column table pairs certain organs of the human female reproductive system (Column A) with an associated event or function (Column B). Reading the rows from top to bottom, the pairs are:

Concept

Working through the given pairs

Filling the blanks

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