Q.Value of the determinant |cos 67π sin 67π sin 23π cos 23π| is
(A) 0
(B) 1 2
(C) β3 2
(D) 1
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Determinant Evaluation Using Identities
Expanding a 4Γ4 or 5Γ5 determinant term by term is painful and error-prone. The smarter route is to transform the determinant into an easy form using properties (the "identities") that change its value in a known, controlled way β then read the answer off a triangular matrix.
The geometric intuition
A determinant measures the signed "volume" of the box spanned by the rows in n-dimensional space. Sliding one row parallel to another doesn't change that volume; swapping two rows flips its sign; scaling a row scales the volume. The algebraic identities are just these facts translated into rules.
The three row (or column) operations
- Swap two rows: detββdet (sign flips).
- Scale a row by k: detβkdet (the factor comes out).
- Add a multiple of one row to a different row (RiββRiβ+Ξ»Rjβ, iξ =j): det unchanged.
The identical rules hold for columns. There is also row-wise linearity: if a row is a sum Riβ=Riβ²β+Riβ²β²β, the determinant splits into the sum of two determinants with all other rows fixed.
Row-wise linearity is not det(A+B)=detA+detB β that is false. The splitting works one row at a time.
The strategy
- Use operation 3 to create zeros in a row or column (value unchanged).
- Factor out common factors with operation 2.
- Swap rows if needed to reach upper-triangular form (track the sign change).
- The determinant is then the product of the diagonal entries.
Worked example
detβ147β258β3610ββ.
Apply R2ββR2ββ4R1β and R3ββR3ββ7R1β (no change), then R3ββR3ββ2R2β: β¦
Concept: Determinant Evaluation Using Trigonometric Identities (complementary angles).
Step 1: Write the determinant:
Ξ=βcos67βsin23ββsin67βcos23βββ
Step 2: Use complementary angle relations: sin23β=cos67β and cos23β=sin67β.
Step 3: Substitute: β¦
The two rows become identical after complementary-angle identities, so the determinant equals 0 β option (A).
We need the value of
βcos67βsin23ββsin67βcos23βββ.
A 2Γ2 determinant βacβbdββ equals adβbc, so
Ξ=cos67βcos23ββsin67βsin23β.
This is exactly the cosine addition formula cos(A+B)=cosAcosBβsinAsinB with A=67β, B=23β:
Ξ=cos(67β+23β)=cos90β=0. β¦
Method: Complementary-Angle Symmetry to Collapse a Trigonometric Determinant
This method applies whenever a 2Γ2 (or larger) determinant is built from trigonometric ratios of two angles that are complementary (add to 90β) or otherwise related β the goal is to collapse the determinant using an identity rather than blind expansion.
Steps
Step 1: Expand the determinant using ad β bc
For βacβbdββ, always start by writing adβbc explicitly in terms of the given trig ratios. Do not evaluate individual trig values numerically yet β keep them symbolic so an identity can be spotted.
Step 2: Match the expansion to a standard trig identity
Once written as cosAcosBβsinAsinB (or a similar pattern), recognise this as the addition/subtraction formula, e.g.
cosAcosBβsinAsinB=cos(A+B).
If the angles are complementary (A+B=90β), the result collapses to cos90β=0 immediately.
Step 3 (equivalent check): Use complementary-angle conversion to spot identical rows β¦
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Getting the complementary-angle identities backwards
Why it's wrong: students sometimes write sin23β=sin67β or cos23β=cos67β instead of the correct complementary relations sin(90ββΞΈ)=cosΞΈ and cos(90ββΞΈ)=sinΞΈ, which breaks the row-matching that makes the determinant collapse to zero. Correct approach: since 23β=90ββ67β, use sin23β=cos67β and cos23β=sin67β before touching the determinant.
Mistake 2: Slipping on the sign in the cosine addition formula
Why it's wrong: expanding cos67βcos23ββsin67βsin23β directly, a student may recall cos(AβB) (with a + sign) instead of cos(A+B) (with a β sign), giving cos44β instead of cos90β. Correct approach: the determinant expansion adβbc already carries the minus sign, so it matches cos(A+B)=cosAcosBβsinAsinB exactly β recognise this pattern rather than re-deriving it from scratch. β¦
Showing the 12 most recent of 14 on this concept.
- GUJCET 2019Set 171 markMCQQ.βsin2ΞΈβcos2ΞΈβcos2ΞΈsin2ΞΈββ=β. (A) 21β(1+cos22ΞΈ) (B) 21β(1βsin22ΞΈ) (C) cos2ΞΈ (D) 21βsin22ΞΈ
βΊReveal solutionSolution
βsin2ΞΈβcos2ΞΈβcos2ΞΈsin2ΞΈββ=sin4ΞΈ+cos4ΞΈ, which equals 21β(1+cos22ΞΈ).
Concept: Expand: sin2ΞΈβ sin2ΞΈβcos2ΞΈβ (βcos2ΞΈ)=sin4ΞΈ+cos4ΞΈ.
Now sin4ΞΈ+cos4ΞΈ=1β2sin2ΞΈcos2ΞΈ=1β21βsin22ΞΈ. Using sin22ΞΈ=1βcos22ΞΈ: β¦
- GUJCET 2025Set 031 markMCQQ.βcos2ΞΈsin2ΞΈββsin2ΞΈcos2ΞΈββ= _____. (A) 21ββ21βcos22ΞΈ (B) 41β(3+cos4ΞΈ) (C) 1+21βsin22ΞΈ (D) 1+2sin2ΞΈβ cos2ΞΈ
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Expand the 2Γ2 determinant, then use double/quadruple-angle identities.
βcos2ΞΈsin2ΞΈββsin2ΞΈcos2ΞΈββ=cos4ΞΈ+sin4ΞΈ=1β2sin2ΞΈcos2ΞΈ=1β21βsin22ΞΈ.
Using sin22ΞΈ=21βcos4ΞΈβ: β¦
- GUJCET 2020Set 071 markMCQQ.For β³ABC, the value of β0βsin(B+C)tan(A+C)βsinA0βcosCβtanBcosC0ββ= ________. (A) β1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) sinAcosC
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Using A+B+C=Ο the matrix becomes skew-symmetric; a 3Γ3 (odd-order) skew-symmetric determinant is always 0.
Concept β trig identities in a triangle. Since A+B+C=Ο: sin(B+C)=sin(ΟβA)=sinA and tan(A+C)=tan(ΟβB)=βtanB.
Substituting, the matrix is β¦
- GUJCET 2023Set 091 markMCQQ.βsin3611Οβsin92Οββcos3611Οβcos92Οβββ= ______. (A) cos12Οβ (B) sin92Οβ (C) cos125Οβ (D) sin127Οβ
βΊReveal solutionSolution
A determinant of this sin/cos form collapses to a single sine of the angle difference.
Concept. βsinPsinQβcosPcosQββ=sinPcosQβcosPsinQ=sin(PβQ).
Solution. P=3611Οβ, Q=92Οβ=368Οβ.
sin(3611Οββ368Οβ)=sin363Οβ=sin12Οβ. β¦
- GUJCET 2020Set 071 markMCQQ.Let f(t)=βcost2tanttantβtttβ12ttββ. Then limtβ0βt2f(t)β is equal to ________. (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) β1 (D) 0
βΊReveal solutionSolution
The determinant equals t(βtcost+tant), so f(t)/t2=βcost+ttantβββ1+1=0.
Concept β simplify the determinant first. Column 2 is t[1,1,1]T, so pull out t:
f(t)=tβcost2tanttantβ111β12ttββ=tg(t)
Expand g(t) along the first column's cofactors (about row 1):
g(t)=cost(tβ2t)β1(2ttantβ2ttant)+1(2tantβtant)
=βtcost+0+tant
Therefore β¦
- GUJCET 2024Set 131 markMCQQ.If β20172019β20182020ββ+β20212023β20222024ββ=2k, then k3= __________. (A) β64 (B) β8 (C) 0 (D) 8
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Both determinants evaluate to β2; their sum β4=2k gives k=β2 and k3=β8.
Concept. Evaluate each 2Γ2 determinant adβbc.
Steps.
β20172019β20182020ββ=2017β 2020β2018β 2019=β2, β¦
- GUJCET 2021Set 151 markMCQQ.For β21β1β30β2β574ββ, the sum of minor and cofactor of 7=β. (A) 0 (B) 2 (C) β2 (D) β1
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Element 7 sits at position (2,3); cofactor =(β1)2+3Γ minor.
Concept: Deleting row 2 and column 3:
M23β=β2β1β3β2ββ=2(β2)β3(β1)=β1. β¦
- GUJCET 2020Set 071 markMCQQ.If x,yβR and β(ax+aβx)2(bx+bβx)2(cx+cβx)2β(axβaβx)2(bxβbβx)2(cxβcβx)2β111ββ=2y+6 then y= ________. (A) 0 (B) 3 (C) β3 (D) 6
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Column 1 β Column 2 =4Γ(Column 3), so the determinant is 0; 2y+6=0 gives y=β3.
Concept β spot the linear dependence. For any base a, let p=ax,Β q=aβx, so pq=axaβx=1. Then
(ax+aβx)2β(axβaβx)2=4axaβx=4
This holds for every row (with bases a,b,c). So in the matrix,
C1ββC2β=4=4C3β β¦
- GUJCET 2022Set 081 markMCQQ.For real numbers x,y,z such that xξ =yξ =z, βxyzβx2y2z2β1+x31+y31+z3ββ=0 and β111βxyzβx2y2z2ββξ =0 then xyz= ______. (A) 2 (B) β1 (C) 0 (D) 1
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Split the last column into 1 and xΒ³; the determinant factors as (Vandermonde)(1+xyz).
Concept. βxyzβx2y2z2β1+x31+y31+z3ββ=βxyzβx2y2z2β111ββ+βxyzβx2y2z2βx3y3z3ββ. β¦
- GUJCET 2019Set 171 markMCQQ.If β1!2!3!β2!3!4!β3!4!5!ββ=2016K, then K=β. (A) 84 (B) 241β (C) 24 (D) 841β
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Evaluating the determinant of factorials gives 24; with 24=2016K, K=841β.
Concept: Write out the values: 1!=1,2!=2,3!=6,4!=24,5!=120. β¦
- GUJCET 2019Set 171 markMCQQ.Matrix Arβ=[rrβ1βrβ1rβ]; r=1,2,3,β¦ If βr=1100ββ£Arββ£=(10β)K, then K=β; (β£Arββ£=det(Arβ)). (A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 8
βΊReveal solutionSolution
β£Arββ£=r2β(rβ1)2=2rβ1; the sum of the first 100 odd numbers is 1002=10000=(10β)8, so K=8.
Concept: β£Arββ£=βrβrβ1βΛβ1βrββ=r2β(rβ1)2=2rβ1. β¦
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If f(ΞΈ)=βcosΞΈsinΞΈββsinΞΈβcosΞΈββ, then f(6Οβ)= ______.(a) β21β(b) 21β(c) 23ββ(d) β23ββ
βΊReveal solutionSolution
Evaluate the 2Γ2 determinant, simplify with a double-angle identity, then substitute.
f(ΞΈ)=cosΞΈ(βcosΞΈ)β(βsinΞΈ)(sinΞΈ)=βcos2ΞΈ+sin2ΞΈ=βcos2ΞΈ.
β¦
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