Q.Find ∣a×b∣, if a=2i^+j^+3k^ and b=3i^+5j^−2k^.
Concept understanding — Cross Product Area
Area from the Cross Product
The cross product a×b of two vectors in 3D is itself a vector, and the most useful thing about its magnitude is that it measures area.
Place the two vectors tail-to-tail. They span a parallelogram. The magnitude of their cross product is exactly the area of that parallelogram:
Area of parallelogram=∣a×b∣=∣a∣∣b∣sinθ
where θ is the angle between them.
Why sine, not cosine
The area of a parallelogram is base × height. Take ∣a∣ as the base. The height is the part of b perpendicular to a, namely ∣b∣sinθ. Multiplying gives ∣a∣∣b∣sinθ — precisely ∣a×b∣. The dot product uses cosθ (overlap along); the cross product uses sinθ (spread across), and "across" is what builds area.
Area of a triangle
A triangle with adjacent sides a and b is half that parallelogram:
Area of triangle=21∣a×b∣
For a triangle with vertices A,B,C, take a=AB and b=AC.
A quick example
For a=i^+2j^ and b=3i^+j^,
a×b=i^13j^21k^00=(1⋅1−2⋅3)k^=−5k^.
So the parallelogram on these two vectors has area ∣−5k^∣=5 square units, and the triangle they form has area 25.
If the area comes out 0, the vectors are parallel — the parallelogram collapses to a line. That is the flip side of the same formula, since sinθ=0 when θ=0∘ or 180∘.
Using the cross product to find the area of a triangle or parallelogram is one of the most frequently asked numerical problems in the NCERT Class 12 Vector Algebra chapter, appearing in CBSE boards, JEE Main and several state CETs. "Area of triangle using vectors formula" is a high-traffic search term, and this result is also the geometric partner to the section formula for triangle-based coordinate problems.
Key idea: compute a×b with the determinant, then take its length.
Step 1 — Determinant.
a×b=i^23j^15k^3−2.
Step 2 — Expand.
a×b=i^(1⋅(−2)−3⋅5)−j^(2⋅(−2)−3⋅3)+k^(2⋅5−1⋅3)=−17i^+13j^+7k^.
Step 3 — Magnitude.
∣a×b∣=(−17)2+132+72=289+169+49=507=133.
∣a×b∣=507=133.
Expanding the cross-product determinant gives a×b=−17i^+13j^+7k^, whose magnitude is 507=133.
To find ∣a×b∣ we could use ∣a∣∣b∣sinθ, but we are not given the angle θ. It is far quicker to compute the cross-product vector directly from the components and then measure its length.
1. Set up the determinant
With a=2i^+j^+3k^ and b=3i^+5j^−2k^:
a×b=i^23j^15k^3−2.
2. Expand along the top row
Remember the middle term carries a minus sign:
a×b=i^(1⋅(−2)−3⋅5)−j^(2⋅(−2)−3⋅3)+k^(2⋅5−1⋅3).
Evaluate each bracket:
- i^: −2−15=−17
- j^: −(−4−9)=−(−13)=13
- k^: 10−3=7
So
a×b=−17i^+13j^+7k^.
3. Take the magnitude
∣a×b∣=(−17)2+132+72=289+169+49=507.
Since 507=3×169=3×132,
507=133.
4. Quick sanity check
The cross product should be perpendicular to both a and b. Indeed (−17)(2)+13(1)+7(3)=−34+13+21=0 and (−17)(3)+13(5)+7(−2)=−51+65−14=0. Both check out.
∣a×b∣=507=133.
Method: Magnitude of a cross product from components
When the angle between the vectors is not given, do not use ∣a∣∣b∣sinθ — instead compute the cross-product vector from components with a determinant, then take its length.
Steps
Step 1: Set up the determinant
Unit vectors on the top row, a's components on the second, b's on the third:
a×b=i^a1b1j^a2b2k^a3b3.
Step 2: Expand along the top row — mind the middle sign
a×b=i^(a2b3−a3b2)−j^(a1b3−a3b1)+k^(a1b2−a2b1).
The j^ term carries a minus sign; this is the single most common slip.
Step 3: Take the magnitude
∣a×b∣=(i-comp)2+(j-comp)2+(k-comp)2.
Step 4 (quick check): confirm perpendicularity
The result should satisfy (a×b)⋅a=0 and (a×b)⋅b=0; a fast dot product catches an arithmetic error before you commit to the magnitude.
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Forgetting the minus sign on the j^ component.
Why it's wrong: the cofactor expansion alternates signs +,−,+, so the middle term is −j^(a1b3−a3b1); keeping it positive gives the wrong vector (and usually the wrong magnitude). Correct approach: always write the j^ term with its leading minus, then simplify.
Mistake 2: Using ∣a×b∣=∣a∣∣b∣.
Why it's wrong: the magnitude is ∣a∣∣b∣sinθ, which equals ∣a∣∣b∣ only if the vectors are perpendicular. Correct approach: compute the cross-product vector's own length via the square root of its squared components.
Mistake 3: Taking the magnitude of only part of the result.
Why it's wrong: all three components must be squared and summed; skipping the zero-looking or negative ones understates the magnitude. Correct approach: square every component (signs vanish under squaring) before the square root.
Showing the 12 most recent of 15 on this concept.
- GUJCET 2026Set x1 markMCQQ.The area of the triangle with vertices A(1,1,2), B(2,3,5) and C(1,5,5) is ______ (A) 43 (B) 243 (C) 61 (D) 261
›Reveal solutionSolution
Area =21∣AB×AC∣=261.
Form two edge vectors:
AB=(1,2,3),AC=(0,4,3)
Cross product:
AB×AC=(2⋅3−3⋅4,−(1⋅3−3⋅0),1⋅4−2⋅0)=(−6,−3,4)
Magnitude:
∣AB×AC∣=(−6)2+(−3)2+42=36+9+16=61
Area of the triangle:
A=2161
✓Final answerOption (D) 261
ANSWER: (D)
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If the position vectors of points A and B from the origin are a=2i^−3j^+2k^ and b=2i^+3j^+k^ respectively, then the area of triangle OAB= ____.(a) 229(b) 157(c) 21229(d) 21157
›Reveal solutionSolution
Area of △OAB=21∣a×b∣.
a×b=i^22j^−33k^21=i^(−3−6)−j^(2−4)+k^(6+6)=−9i^+2j^+12k^.
∣a×b∣=81+4+144=229. Area =21229.
✓Final answerThe correct option is (c) 21229.
- GUJCET 2025Set 031 markMCQQ.Area of a rectangle having vertices A, B, C and D with position vectors −i^+21j^+4k^, i^+21j^+4k^, i^−21j^+4k^ and −i^−21j^+4k^, respectively is _____. (A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 21
›Reveal solutionSolution
[!TLDR]
The emf is maximum at t=2ωπ.
Concept
In an AC generator the induced emf is sinusoidal: ε=ε0sin(ωt+ϕ). The condition ε=0 at t=0 fixes the phase ϕ=0, so ε=ε0sin(ωt).
Solution
ε is maximum when sin(ωt)=1:
ωt=2π⇒t=2ωπ.
This is a quarter of the period after the zero crossing.
[!ANSWER]
(D)
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.The area of the triangle with vertices A(1,1,2), B(2,3,5) and C(1,5,5) = ____.(a) 241(b) 261(c) 251(d) 271
›Reveal solutionSolution
Area of a triangle with vertices A,B,C is 21∣AB×AC∣.
AB=(1,2,3), AC=(0,4,3).
AB×AC=i^10j^24k^33=i^(6−12)−j^(3−0)+k^(4−0)=−6i^−3j^+4k^.
∣AB×AC∣=36+9+16=61. Area =261.
✓Final answerThe correct option is (b) 261.
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.If a=i^−7j^+7k^ and b=3i^−2j^+2k^, then ∣a×b∣ = ____.(a) 192(b) 0(c) 19(d) 38
›Reveal solutionSolution
Compute the cross product directly and take its magnitude.
a×b=i^13j^−7−2k^72=i^(−14+14)−j^(2−21)+k^(−2+21)=0i^+19j^+19k^.
∣a×b∣=0+361+361=722=192.
✓Final answerThe correct option is (a) 192.
- GUJCET 2024Set 131 markMCQQ.The area of a parallelogram, whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors a=2i^+3j^+4k^ and b=−j^−2k^, is __________. (A) 23 (B) 6 (C) 24 (D) 26
›Reveal solutionSolution
Parallelogram area =∣a×b∣.
Steps. a=(2,3,4), b=(0,−1,−2).
a×b=(3(−2)−4(−1),−(2(−2)−4⋅0),2(−1)−3⋅0)=(−2,4,−2).
∣a×b∣=4+16+4=24=26.
✓Final answerOption (D) 26
ANSWER: (D)
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.The area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are a=j^+2k^ and b=i^+2j^ is ______.(a) 221(b) 42(c) 21(d) 2121
›Reveal solutionSolution
The area of a parallelogram equals ∣a×b∣.
a×b=i^01j^12k^20=i^(0−4)−j^(0−2)+k^(0−1)=−4i^+2j^−k^.
∣a×b∣=16+4+1=21.
✓Final answerThe correct option is (c) 21.
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.For the vectors a and b, ∣a∣=32, ∣b∣=3 and ∣a×b∣=1, then the angle between a and b is ______.(a) 6π(b) 4π(c) 3π(d) 2π
›Reveal solutionSolution
Use ∣a×b∣=∣a∣∣b∣sinθ.
1=32⋅3⋅sinθ=2sinθ⇒sinθ=21⇒θ=6π.
✓Final answerThe correct option is (a) 6π.
- GUJCET 2022Set 081 markMCQQ.The area of a triangle having the points A(1,1,1), B(1,2,3) and C(2,3,1) as its vertices is ______. (A) 219 (B) 221 (C) 219 (D) 221
›Reveal solutionSolution
Triangle area from vertices = ½ of the magnitude of the cross product of two edge vectors.
Concept. Area=21AB×AC.
Solution. AB=(0,1,2), AC=(1,2,0).
AB×AC=(1⋅0−2⋅2,2⋅1−0⋅0,0⋅2−1⋅1)=(−4,2,−1)
AB×AC=16+4+1=21
Area=221
✓Final answer(B) 221
ANSWER: (B)
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.The area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors a=3i^+j^+4k^ and b=i^−j^+k^ is ___.(a) 21(b) 42(c) 42(d) 21
›Reveal solutionSolution
The area of the parallelogram is ∣a×b∣.
a×b=i^31j^1−1k^41=i^(1+4)−j^(3−4)+k^(−3−1)=5i^+j^−4k^.
∣a×b∣=25+1+16=42.
✓Final answer(c) 42.
- GUJCET 2021Set 151 markMCQQ.The area of parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors a=i^−j^+3k^ and b=2i^−7j^+k^ is (A) 152 (B) 15 (C) 215 (D) 215
›Reveal solutionSolution
Parallelogram area = |axb|.
Concept. a×b=(a2b3−a3b2, a3b1−a1b3, a1b2−a2b1).
Solution. a=(1,−1,3), b=(2,−7,1):
a×b=(−1+21, 6−1, −7+2)=(20,5,−5).
∣a×b∣=400+25+25=450=152.
✓Final answer(A) 152
ANSWER: (A)
- GSEB Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination 2020Set ANNUAL1 markMCQQ.Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors a=3^+5^−2k^ and b=2^+^+3k^.(a) 507(b) 387(c) 21507(d) 25
›Reveal solutionSolution
Compute the cross product a×b, then its magnitude gives the parallelogram area directly.
a=3^+5^−2k^, b=2^+^+3k^.
a×b=^32^51k^−23=^(15+2)−^(9+4)+k^(3−10)=17^−13^−7k^.
∣a×b∣=172+132+72=289+169+49=507.
✓Final answer(a) 507.
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