A patient of hypertension should AVOID: (a) Shavasana (b) Makarasana (c) inverted poses such as the headstand

Concept understanding — Asana Contraindication Knowledge

Imagine you are learning a new physical skill — say, swimming or dancing. You would not jump into the deep end on your first day, nor would you attempt a complex spin without first learning to balance. The same logic applies to yoga. Asana Contraindication Knowledge is simply the understanding of when not to do a particular posture, or how to modify it safely for a given person.

At its core, this concept is about safety and individual difference. A yoga pose that is deeply beneficial for one person could cause injury or strain in another. Contraindication knowledge is the set of rules, conditions, and warnings that tell you which asanas to avoid or adapt based on a person's current health, physical limitations, age, or even the time of day.

Important

Contraindication knowledge is not a list of "bad" poses. It is a tool for intelligent practice. It transforms yoga from a one-size-fits-all routine into a personalised, therapeutic experience. Ignoring it is like taking medicine without reading the label.

Why does this matter for a commerce or humanities student? Because you are likely to encounter yoga in a practical or theoretical paper, and the exam will test your ability to apply this knowledge, not just memorise a list. You might be asked why a particular asana is not recommended for someone with high blood pressure, or why a pregnant woman should avoid certain twists.

Here is how this knowledge is typically structured:

Medical Conditions: The most common category. For example, a person with a hernia should avoid deep forward bends that put pressure on the abdomen. Someone with glaucoma should avoid inversions (like headstand or shoulder stand) because they increase pressure in the eyes.
Physical Injuries: A recent or chronic injury to the neck, back, knees, or wrists will rule out many poses. A student with a wrist sprain should not do poses that bear weight on the hands, such as downward-facing dog or plank.
Pregnancy: This is a special, critical category. After the first trimester, lying flat on the back (supine poses) is generally avoided because it can compress a major blood vessel. Deep twists and strong abdominal work are also contraindicated.
Age and Fitness Level: A senior citizen or a complete beginner should not attempt advanced balancing poses or deep backbends without significant modification and support. The contraindication here is not a disease, but a lack of preparation. …

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Patients with hypertension should avoid inverted yoga poses like headstands and any practice involving holding the breath, as these can dangerously increase blood pressure.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Managing hypertension often involves lifestyle changes, including physical activity and stress reduction techniques like yoga and pranayama. While many yoga practices are highly beneficial for lowering blood pressure and promoting relaxation, certain poses and breathing techniques can be detrimental and must be avoided.

The primary concern for individuals with hypertension is to prevent any activity that could cause a sudden or significant increase in blood pressure, especially in the head and chest region.

Let's examine the given options:

(a) Shavasana (Corpse Pose): This is a foundational relaxation pose. Lying flat on the back, it promotes deep rest, calms the nervous system, and helps reduce stress and anxiety. Shavasana is highly recommended for individuals with hypertension as it aids in lowering blood pressure and fostering overall well-being. Therefore, it should not be avoided.
(b) Makarasana (Crocodile Pose): This is another relaxing pose, typically performed lying on the stomach. It helps release tension in the back, shoulders, and neck, and promotes a sense of calm. Makarasana is generally considered safe and beneficial for individuals with hypertension, helping to alleviate stress and promote relaxation. Therefore, it should not be avoided.
(c) inverted poses such as the headstand and holding of the breath: This option correctly identifies two major contraindications for hypertension.
- Inverted poses (e.g., Sirsasana/Headstand, Sarvangasana/Shoulderstand): These poses involve placing the head below the heart, which significantly increases blood flow and pressure to the head and brain. For someone with hypertension, this can be extremely dangerous, potentially leading to a hypertensive crisis, stroke, or damage to blood vessels in the eyes and brain. The increased intracranial pressure poses a severe risk. …

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Q.A patient of hypertension should AVOID:

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