Summary

This unit replaced guesswork with objective tools for assessing fitness, skill and body composition. The key ideas, in the textbook's order:

Define test, measurement and evaluation (6.1)

• Test - the tool/instrument or set of tasks used to gather information about a specific trait (written, oral, mechanical, physiological or psychological).
• Measurement - assigning a number/score to that trait (the quantitative form; the scores obtained).
• Evaluation - the judgement/interpretation of the score against a standard or norm (it implies decision-making).
• They form one cycle: test administered -> measurement produces the score -> evaluation interprets it. (Example: sit-ups = test, 30 sit-ups = measurement, "Good" = evaluation.)

Importance in sport (6.2)

Considered from three perspectives: the athlete gains motivation, self-appraisal and goal-setting; the coach/trainer gains diagnosis, grouping, prediction and self-assessment; the training programme gains benchmarking, norms and standards, re-designing and quality check.

Classification of tests (6.3)

By nature and purpose into four classes - Psychomotor (health-related, physical-fitness, motor-fitness, sports-skill), Anthropometric (body measurements, skeletal girths, circumferences), Affective-domain (behaviour, emotions, social measures) and Cognitive-domain (knowledge, mental ability).

Test administration guidelines (6.4)

Three phases - Pre-Planning (plan, prepare stations/score sheets, consider purpose/authenticity/economy), Testing Operation (check equipment, instruct/demonstrate, warm-up, motivate, ensure safety) and Post-Test Functions (compile and convert scores, interpret with statistics, prepare tables/graphs and a report).

Body-composition measures (6.5)

• BMI = weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2 (kg/m^2) - six WHO bands from under-weight (<18.5) to class III obesity (>=40.0); a screen only, cannot separate fat from muscle.
• WHR = waist / hip - shows fat distribution; WHO healthy limits men <=0.90, women <=0.85; >=1.0 sharply raises risk.
• 3-site Skinfold - pinch and read the fold in mm with a caliper at three standard sites, repeat and average, sum, and convert via a standard equation to estimate body-fat %. …